548 
AFRICAN GAME ANIMALS 
and Pediotragus (Raphicerus ), placing Neotragus ( Madoqua ) 
in with the gazelles in the family Antilopidce and Oreotragus , 
the klipspringer, in another family, Heliotragince , together 
with Kohus , the waterbucks, and Tetraceros , the four-horned 
antelopes. 
This grouping by Gray is a more natural arrangement 
than that adopted by later authors, for Madoqua or the dik- 
dik is obviously, as witnessed by its skull characters, more 
closely related to the gazelles than to any other of the 
genera with which it has been placed. Oreotragus , however, 
though quite distinct in general characters from its asso¬ 
ciates in the Neotragince , is certainly not an ally of Kobus or 
Tetraceros . 
In 1907 Knottnerus-Meyer removed from this assem¬ 
blage Raphicerus and Grysbock ( Nototragus ) for which he 
formed the subfamily Raphicerotince , which he based upon 
differences in the lachrymal bone, but left the other genera 
assembled together as arranged by Sclater and Thomas. 
We do not, however, consider the somewhat smaller size of 
the anteorbital fossa in the steinboks of sufficient system¬ 
atic importance to justify the erection of a subfamily for the 
group. As the steinbok differs but little from the other 
genera included in the Neotragince , our ideas of their relation¬ 
ships are best expressed by leaving them in the subfamily. 
In order to show the true relationships of the various 
genera under consideration it is necessary to remove the very 
distinct Madoqua and Rhynchotragus and place them in a 
new subfamily near Antilopincz and also place Oreotragus in 
a separate subfamily owing to its peculiar skull and hair 
characters. Such an arrangement will give us the following 
natural groups or subfamilies: 
Nesotragince: Snout normal, premaxillae long, and in con¬ 
tact with the nasal bones which are well developed; ante- 
orbital fossa well developed, usually exceeding the orbit 
in size. Genera included: Nesotragus , Neotragus , Ourebia , 
Raphicerus , Nototragus. 
Oreotragince: Snout somewhat shortened, the nasals very 
broad and extensive in area, anteorbital fossa large as in 
Nesotragince; pelage peculiar, coarse, and pithy like that of 
the American prong-horn, Antilocapra . Only one genus in¬ 
cluded, Oreotragus , the klipspringer. 
