HOOK-LIPPED OR BLACK RHINOCEROS 655 
than those of the male. This female measured: length of 
head and body along contour, n feet 3 inches; tail, 26^2 
inches; hind foot, 17 inches; ear, inches; height at 
withers, 5 feet 1 inch. The greatest length of the skull is 
23 inches, which is but half an inch less than the male. 
Many of the old adults approach these dimensions very 
closely, and show surprisingly little variation in size con¬ 
sidering their great bulk. The skulls of fully adult animals 
from British East Africa range in greatest length from 21 
inches to 23^ inches. The female skulls may be distin¬ 
guished from the male by their lesser width across the back 
or occipital part. To this portion of the skull are attached 
the great muscles which move the head and make the horns 
effective in fighting, and it is no doubt this latter function 
which has carried the development of the occipital part of 
the skull in the male beyond that of the female. The nasal 
boss or rounded tip of the nasal bones upon which the front 
horn rests exhibits no differences in the two sexes such as we 
find in the white species, or rather genus. In conformity 
with this similarity in nasal bones in the two sexes we find 
the horns indistinguishable in size of base. Although the 
female does not carry a front horn, having a smaller base, 
she usually carries the longer and more slender horns. The 
front and rear horns vary greatly, however, in respect to 
one another. The typical condition is a front horn three 
or four times the length of the rear horn, rounded in outline, 
tapering gradually to a sharp point, and curving backward 
in a wide arc. From such horns as these there is every 
intermediate condition of relative length to the keitloa 
variety in which the rear horn equals or exceeds the front 
one in size. The usual length of the front horn is approxi¬ 
mately 16 inches, but the record horns exceed this dimen¬ 
sion greatly. The longest specimen in the National Museum 
is one having a length of 29 inches, shot by Kermit Roose¬ 
velt near Meru, a government station situated on the north¬ 
east slope of Mount Kenia. The record horn for Africa, 
recorded by Rowland Ward, is one with a length of 53^ 
inches, from East Africa, now in the possession of Doctor C. 
H. Osman. The second longest is one of 47 inches in length 
belonging to the well-known district commissioner "of Brit¬ 
ish East Africa, Doctor S. L. Hinde. We have examined at 
