736 
AFRICAN GAME ANIMALS 
York. Jumbo, however, was a member of another race, 
oxyotis; his ears, being without the inward fold on the upper 
margin, met one another and overlapped on the nape. 
The largest elephant skull examined by us in a series of 
some fifty in the museums of America and Europe is a 
specimen at the American Museum of Natural History of 
New York, collected by Akeley in the Budonga forest of 
Uganda. This skull is that of a bull just arrived at adult 
size, but not an old animal, and measures in basal length 
from the condyles to the tip of the premaxillary bones 40 
inches, and in greatest breadth 36 inches, in which latter 
dimension it exceeds the next largest by 2 inches. The 
tusks of this skull weighed 101 and 102 pounds, and are 
far from record size. In order to ascertain the maximum 
size to which an elephant’s skull may attain it is desirable 
to have the dimensions of the skulls from which record 
tusks have been obtained. In this connection the girth of 
the tusk is the important consideration, for both the weight 
and length affect the size of the skull less, as they vary 
without regard to the size of the skull. There are at present 
no skulls preserved in any museum to our knowledge from 
which record tusks have come. This is really unfortunate, 
for it is very doubtful if any elephants bearing really record 
tusks are still alive, owing to the slaughter to which large- 
tusked bulls have been subject in every part of Africa. 
The tusk record for both weight and circumference is that 
of an East African tusk now in the possession of Sir E. G. 
Loder, having a weight of 235 pounds and a circumference 
of 26 inches. This is really a very unusual tusk, being three 
times the weight of an average or normal one. Major 
Powell-Cotton, however, has a tusk from the upper Nile 
almost equalling this one in circumference, being but 1 inch 
less in this dimension. The largest tusk in the British 
Museum, which has a girth but little less, is 24^ inches in 
circumference, and has a weight of 226^ pounds, standing 
second to the record in this latter respect. The longest 
tusk is one of 11 feet 5 inches in length, also from East 
Africa and now in the National Collection of Heads and 
Horns of New York. The average tusk weight in old bulls 
to-day is not more than 40 pounds, but under normal con¬ 
ditions before the large bulls were shot for their ivory the 
