u>(^,vw 
0—»-Cr> 
F.H.Endert, Botanical report (Butch) in Midden Oost Borneo 
E, Borneo, 
Expe ditie 1925 (1927) 
F.H.Endert, De proefbaanmetingen in de panglong gebieden van Bengkalis (Sumatra’s 
Qostkust en Riouw). Tectona 25* 1932, p*731~785. East B^atra 
F.P.Endert, Bet Danoe moeras in Bantam (Tectona 25 , 1932,■ ♦9&3-9^6) nest Java. ^ 
F.H. Endert, Boschbouwku dige aanteekeniu en over een re:5s in Atjeh, Sumatra’s 
Qostkust, Tapanoeli en Sumatra 1 s ^estkust (Tectona 28, 1921;,p. 1-160) 
for swamp and peat forests p.7**l6j N. East Sumatra 
BttJtoaik B.Polak, TJber Torf und Moor in Niederlandisehes Indien. 
Merhandelingen Kon.Akaderaie Netenschappen Amsterdam vol.XXX, 
1933 > No.3* s also forest analysis. 
xj, 
Dear enderson. 
Above 1 have noted some literature, the most important ones. 
on peat and swamp forests in Neth.Indies. ;'ith the exception of the last item 
all articles are in Dutch, which is a pity. I hope you can make some use of them. 
The large swamp forests of Borneo and Sumatra( practically only along the East 
coast, the westcoast being generally too steep) are enormous, but they have been 
examined only little/ in detail. Nevertheless a large portion of our export timber 
for Singapore comes from Bengkalis. There is a distinction between swamp and peat 
forests. It is found - stated by Polak - that where peat is formed - the layer 
is built up from trunks of trees with peaty mud between and can reach over 10 m 
thickness — that the true peat forests are lens-shaped, just the same as mpippimsm 
Sphagnum peat in Europe, so that they contain pure rainwater. The surface is 
gradually dome like and the water flows out of it. It is dark coloured by a colloidal 
suspension of humic acid and very poor in minerals. The underlayer is inponetrable 
clay mostly. Swamp forest, however, is flat and the water is not or slightly acid 
and rich in minerals, and is not like tea coloured. These are fed by riverwater. 
All dark rivers (Pdonegro in S.America,etc.) are originating from peat swamps. 
This tea coloured water is practically sterile, not bacteria in it. Swamp forests 
have no underlayer of real peat (Rohhumus in german). 
The parcel I will give to Eostermans. The material of Merrill seems to be in port 
I will sent you the Sugenia f s named by him on loan to compare them w&th your mate* 
Sincerely yours 
i, #r ? 
rial. 
