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reduce any of them to a practical system that might be 
followed with any prospect of success. Some succeed 
one winter burying their bees in the ground, while the 
next winter with the same course, they will lose them 
all. Some succeed in rooms one season, and fail the 
next. Some seasons bees will do quite well out of 
doors all winter; and then, again, there will a large 
quantity of them perish. The reason is quite obvious. 
The changes from warm to cold, in my opinion, and 
vice versa, has a great effect upon bees, and in all those 
conditions before spoken of, the atmospheric changes 
effect them more or less. If bees are buried in a light 
gravel or sand soil, with a moderately cold winter, with 
few changes, they may winter well ; but in nineteen 
cases out of twenty the chances are against them ; and 
the same with xioms or bee-houses. From careful 
experiments, I am satisfied that in our Northern and 
Eastern States, a more even temperature can be kept 
up in cellars than in any rooms or houses, or even 
clamps built on top of the ground. This being the 
case I consider a well-ventilated, cool, dark, and dry 
cellar, the most appropriate place for bees in winter. 
They should never be put in until you are satisfied the 
weather has become steadily cold, and the bees are done 
flying for the season. The cap and mat should then be 
removed, leaving the preserver on, tacking it fast and 
closing up the entrance, then carrying them into the 
cellar, leaving the caps off. If your cellar is cool 
enough, your bees will remain perfectly quiet without 
injury, three or four months. But should the bees, 
during the winter, manifest any uneasiness, which can 
be told by then - making a continued buzzing sound and 
trying to get out, it is because they are too warm, and the 
