2 8 
CXV. PIPER ACE.S5. 
* {Piper. 
sessile, stalked or more or less connate. Species 1200, all tropical 
countries. In many cases both sexes are not known and the 
position of many, therefore, uncertain. 
Section 1. Muldera. Spikes solitary. Males sunk in a fleshy 
stipitate or sessile receptacle formed of the enlarged bract, 
distant. Drupe sessile, stigma sessile. Climber. 
Section 2. Cubeba. Spikes solitary. Flowers crowded. Female 
bracts peltate. Fruit pedicelled. Climbers or erect. 
Section 3. Chavica. Spikes solitary. Bracts orbicular peltate. 
Fruit very small, crowded sessile in dense cylindric or 
oblong spikes. 
Section 4. Pseudochavica. Spikes solitary. Bracts peltate, 
orbicular. Fruits forming a long interrupted spike, much 
larger than in Chavica, pulpy separate, sessile. Erect or 
climbers. 
Section 5. Eu-piper. Spikes solitary. Bracts adnate to rachis 
or with free margins. Fruit usually larger than previous 
sections, sessile in loose interrupted spike. 
Section 6. Heckeria. Spikes several, umbelled flowers bisexual, 
erect shrub; leaves very large. Fruit very small. 
Piper. § 1. Muldera. Climbers, usually very long. Spikes solitary. 
Flowers unisexual, often distant. Males sunk in a fleshy stipitate or sessile 
receptacle formed of the bracts. Drupe sessile; stigma sessile. 
These generally creep up trees to a great height, flowering only and rarely 
at the top. The upper leaves are often different from the lower ones. 
Receptacle glabrous outside, pubescent inside, sessile, ovary 1. 
Stamens 5 
Stamens 8 ..... 
Receptacle round; leaves elliptic-lanceolate . 
Receptacle round; leaves ovate, very fleshy . 
Receptacle pubescent inside and out. 
Receptacle sessile, 2-lipped with 3 to 4 ovaries 
Receptacle stipitate, distant. 
Receptacle round, 3 to 5 stamens . 
Receptacle 2-lipped, elliptic, 2 stamens . 
Receptacle 2-lipped, reniform, 8 stamens 
§ 2. Cubeba. Climbers or erect. 
Female flowers large bracts peltate. 
Erect shrubby plants, hairy. 
Leaves ovate, 5 in. wide, base equilateral. 
Pedicel longer than fruit 
Pedicel very short 
Leaves all oblong, base unequally bilobed. 
Adult leaves glabrous; spikes 2 in. long 
Adult leaves hairy. 
Spikes 11 in, long 
Spikes 2 in. long 
Climbers, usually quite glabrous. 
Stem very stout; leaves coriaceous. 
Leaves 6 to 8 in. by 3 to 4 in. .• 
Leaves 3 by 275 in. 
(1) P. pentandram 
(2) P. flavimarginatum 
(3) P. firmum 
(4) P. pachyphyllum 
{5) P. polygamum 
(6) P. Maingayi 
(7) P. rarispicum 
( 8 ) P. schizonephros 
Spikes solitary; flowers crowded. 
Fruit distinctly pedicelled. 
( 9 ) 
(10) 
P. muricatum 
P. Ridleyi 
(11) P. malaccense 
(12) 
(13) 
P. bipedale 
P. protractum 
(14) P. ribesioides 
(15) P* pedicellosum 
