CXXXIII. CUPULIFERjE. 
[Pasania. 
388 
to it, dark brown with 5 to 7 prominent rings and beaked; acorn 
ovoid, pericarp very thick and hard. Hob. Singapore (Murton). 
Pahang, Fraser Hill (Burkill and Holttum). Disirib. Borneo. 
Murton says " very abundant,” but I never saw it. 
3 . CASTANOPSIS, Spach. 
Trees, rarely shrubs. Leaves entire or toothed. Flowers 
unisexual in spikes usually male or female only. Perianth cup¬ 
shaped, lobes 6. Stamens 12 (or less); filaments slender; anthers 
small ovate or globose. Pistillode a villous cushion. Ovary 
3-celled; ovules 2 in a cell; styles 3; stigma a terminal pore. Fruit 
of 1 to 4 ovoid or plano-convex nuts covered by the fruiting involucre, 
which is irregularly dehiscent and covered with spines or tubercles. 
Species 357, tropical and sub-tropical Asia, 1 N. America. 
Native name : Berangan. 
Nuts 3 in a cupule. 
Cupules spiny. 
Spines needle-like in dense tufts covering cupules. 
Leaves red puberulous beneath; spines hairy 
Leaves red pubescent beneath; spines long, 
hairy ....... 
Spines not covering cupule entirely; tufts 
stalked. 
Leaves villous beneath .... 
Spines flattened antler-like. 
Leaves very large ..... 
Leaves small ...... 
Cupule with no spines but tubercles in lines. 
Tubercles sharp; leaves puberulous beneath 
Tubercles blunt; leaves glabrous 
Nuts solitary. 
Spines subulate; tufts in rings not stalked . 
Spines in stalked tufts. 
Fruit oblong, 3 in. long; leaves velvety be¬ 
neath ....... 
Fruit globose or oblong small; leaves small, 
glabrous ....... 
Spines flat triangular; leaves small lanceolate 
Cupules tubercled, flattened on inner side, obovoid 
Cupule pyriform with vertical ridges only, no 
tubercles ...... 
(1) C. malaccensis 
( 2 ) C. Scortechinii 
(3) C. fulva 
{4) C. catappaefolia 
(5) C. Andersoni 
(6) C. Hullettii 
(7) C. sumatrana 
(8) C. costata 
(9) C. megacarpa 
(10) C. Ridleyi 
(11) C. Wallichii 
(12) C. nephelioides 
(13) C, Curtisii 
(1) C. malaccensis Gamble, Kew Bulletin, 1914, p. 178; Journ. 
As. Soc. Beng. l.c. 455. 
Tree. Leaves thinly coriaceous ovate or lanceolate acuminate, 
base round above, glabrous beneath tawny puberulous; nerves 
8 to 10 pairs, nervules and reticulations conspicuous beneath; 
3 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. wide; petioles *5 in. long. Fruit few in spike 
globose; cupule covered with very fine pubescent needle-like 
spines. Hab . Singapore, Toas. Malacca (Maingay); Brisu (Derry); 
Batu Tiga (Holmberg); Selandor (Cantley). Negri Sembilan, 
Senawang (Foxworthy). 
