39<> cxxxiii. cupulifer^e. [ Castanopsis. 
A big tree 80 ft. tall or more, 2 to 3 ft. through. Leaves cori¬ 
aceous, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate acuminate shortly, base acute 
or round, glabrous above, minutely puberulous beneath; nerves 
15 to 18 pairs prominent; 6 to 9 in. long, 3 to 5 in. wide; petioles 
-5 in. long. Spikes about 6 in. long in axillary or terminal, many 
branched panicles. Male flowers in clusters of 5 or less; females in 
threes. Fruit sessile in dense woody spikes 4 or 5 in. long. Cupules 
obovoid minutely tomentose with 3 or 4 vertical grooves and 4 to 
6 curved transverse ridges with short sharp pyramidal tubercles, 
dehiscing to near the base into 3 or 4 valves, 1*2 in. high, i*6 in. 
long, 1-4 in. thick. Nuts 2 to 4, chestnut brown, hairy above. 
Hab. Common, Singapore, Tanglin; Bukit Timah. Malacca, 
Bukit Bruang; Merlimau (Derry). Perak, Batang Padang. 
Penang Hill (Curtis, King, etc.). Native name: Berangan Papan. 
(7) C. sumatrana A. DC. in Seem. Journ. Bot. 1863, p. 182; 
Gamble , l.c. 460. 
Tree 60 to 80 ft. tall, 2 to 3 ft. through. Leaves thin, cori¬ 
aceous, oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, short acuminate, acute 
at base; nerves 12 to 20 pairs slender raised on both sides, trans¬ 
verse nervules many; 6 to 8 in. long, 2 to 4-5 in. wide; petioles 
*5 in. long or less. Spikes slender, panicled, 4 in. long, males 
numerous. Male flowers few together or solitary. Fruit in long 
woody spikes about 7 in. long, sub-sessile; cupule rather thick- 
walled with 1 to 3 nuts, ovoid or with more than 1 nut transversely 
oblong, slightly bilobed, grey puberulous with 3 or 6 transverse 
ridges of short tubercles, *75 to 1 in. tall, *75 in. (i-seeded) to x in. 
wide (2-seeded). Nuts ovoid silky except the base. Hab. Common, 
especially in the north, Malacca, Pringit and Ayer Panas (Griffith); 
Perak, Batang Padang river; near Gunong Bubu (Kunstler); 
Gapis (Wray); Selama; Ulu Bubong and Goping (Kunstler); 
Penang Hill (Wallich, Curtis). Dislrib. Burma, Sumatra, Lingga, 
Borneo, C><l\*k~ 
(8) C. costata A. DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. no; Gamble, l.c. 456. 
Big tree 40 to 50 ft. tall, 1*5 to 2 ft. through. Leaves sub- 
coriaceous, elliptic, shortly abrupt-acuminate, acute or round 
at base, bright green above, red brown pubescent or villous beneath; 
nerves 12 to 16 pairs raised beneath; 4 in. long, 1-5 to 2 in. wide; 
petioles *25 in. long. Spikes slender, 4 to 6 in. long; rachis velvety. 
Male flowers solitary or clustered, distant; females in threes. Fruit 
globose in a dense spike 4 in. long. Spines crowded in fascicles 
in rings, connate at the base but not stalked and hairy like the rest 
of the cupule. Nut usually 1 densely fulvous-silky. Hab. Perak, 
Larut, Thaiping (Kunstler, Wray) up to Gunong Hijau at 4500 to 
4600 ft. altitude. Disirib. Java, Sumatra, Borneo. 
(9) C. megacarpa Gamble, Kew Bulletin 1914, p. 180, Journ. 
As. Soc. Beng. l.c. 462. C. javanica Hook. fil. F.B.I, v. 620; 
King, Ann. Bot. Gard . Calc. ii. 97, t. 88, (not of A. DC.). 
