Casianopsis .] cxxxm. cupulifer^e. 39 1 
A big tree 80 ft. tall. Leaves coriaceous obldng shortly cuspi¬ 
date-acuminate; base acute or round, bright green above, red- 
pubescent beneath; nerves conspicuous, elevate 12 to 16 pairs; 
4-9 to 6 in. long, 2 to 4-5 in. wide; petioles -4 in. to 1 in. long. 
Spikes slender, 4 in. long. Flowers in distant clusters; rachis 
pubescent. Fruit globose, when ripe oblong, 3 in. long; cupule 
thick and hard covered with scattered tubercles forming thick 
stalks from the top of which radiate simple or branched spines about 
•4 in. long. Nut 1, oblong very large, rounded both ends. Hab. 
Common in forests in lowlands. Singapore, Garden Jungle; Bukit 
Timah. Malacca, Sungei Hudang; Ayer Panas (Derry). Perak, 
Larut; Kinta (Kunstler). Province Wellesley, Ara Kudah. 
Native names : Sebilek; Kata Bilek; Berangan Gajah, 
Fruit said to produce flatulence and diarrhoea. 
(10) C. Ridleyi Gamble , Kew Bulletin 1914, p. 180; Journ. 
As. Soc. Beng. l.c. 463. 
Tree 60 to 80 ft. tall, 2 to 3 ft. through. Leaves lanceolate 
coriaceous, short acuminate sub-acute; base unequally round, 
glabrous, minutely puberulous grey beneath when young, 4 in. 
long, i*5 in. wide; nerves very slender, 10 to 14 pairs. Fruit 
globose, oblong 1*5 in. through in short spikes; cupule crustaceous, 
puberulous covered with tufts of spines usually stalked, *3 in- long, 
strigose. Nut ovoid-oblong, 1 in. long. Hab. Malacca, Sungei 
Hudang (Ridley), Perak, Larut (Kunstler). 
Like C. megacarpa, but leaves and fruit much smaller. 
(11) C. Wallichii King, in Hook. fil. F.B.I. v. 624; Ann. Bot. 
Gard. Calc. ii. 106, pi. ioia ; Gamble, l.c. 464. 
Big rather slender tree about 80 ft. tall or more. Leaves char- 
taceous lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate blunt, base 
narrowed shortly, red-pubescent beneath; nerves slender, 6 to 10 
pairs; 2 to 3 in. long, 1*3 in. wide; petioles -2 in. long. Spike 
slender, about 3 in long. Flowers clustered. Fruits sessile, ovoid- 
hemispheric, 1 in. tall, 1*25 in. wide, cupule covered with stout 
black triangular spines about -25 in. long with broad bases. Nut 
1 red-pubescent. Hab. Common in woods, Singapore, Garden 
Jungle; Bukit Timah; Changi, etc. Malacca, Jus; Sungei Hudang 
(Goodenough); Ayer Panas (Curtis). Perak, Birch's Hill (Fox). 
Penang Hill (Wallich, Curtis). Native name: Berangan Duri. 
Use: The chestnuts though small and tough rinded are good, and 
used for putting on cakes in place of almonds. 
(12) C. nephelioides King, in Hook. fil. F.B.I. v. 624; Ann. 
Bot. Gard. Calc. ii. t. 102; Gamble, l.c. 464. 
Tree 30 to 60 ft. tall, 1-5 to 2 ft. through. Leaves chartaceous 
elliptic to nearly ovate bluntly acuminate, base acute, bright green 
above, silvery beneath; nerves 9 to 12 pairs, slender elevate; 
3*5 to*4 in. long, 1*5 in. wide; petioles -2 in. long. Spikes slender, 
