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Card. Bull. Singapore 69(1) 2017 
anthers pale yellow with purple markings, anther-thecae joined apically, 1.5-1.7 mm 
long; staminodes 2 or 3, unequal in size, white, inserted 5-8 mm above the base of 
the corolla, 1.3-2.2 mm long. Nectary cream, to 1.1 mm long. Pistil very pale green; 
ovary 4-5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide at the base, narrowing to 2 mm below the stigma, 
eglandular hairy; style to 4 mm long; stigma pale yellow, shallowly 2-lobed, c. 2 mm 
long, very fine glandular hairy; ovules cream, less than 1 mm long. Capsule pale 
green or reddish green, to 5 cm long, cylindric and slender, sparsely hairy, sometimes 
glabrous; calyx persistent, reddish green, hairy. Seeds yellowish cream, many in one 
row, 600-710 x 200-280 pm, very narrowly ellipsoid, surface rounded papillate. 
Distribution. Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia (Kedah: Langkawi and 
Gunung Keriang). 
Habitat and ecology. On limestone cliffs or crevices with a thin soil layer or, on 
Langkawi, on limestone rocks near the sea. 
Provisional IUCN conservation status. Near Threatened (NT). The species is common 
on Langkawi Island, much of which is protected. Its Near Threatened status is based 
on its localised and patchy distribution on Langkawi Island. The species flowers 
abundantly from October to December in the wettest period. Previously it was recorded 
in Gunung Keriang on the Kedah mainland but it has not been recollected in spite of 
recent botanical collecting there. 
Additional specimens examined. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: Kedah: Gn. Keriang, Peb 
1890, Allen s.n. (SING); Langkawi, 20 Nov 1941, Corner s.n. (SING); Langkawi, Ayer Hangat, 
Chung 505 (KLU); Langkawi, Bkt. Malut P.R., 4 Nov 1968, Keng 80 (SING); Langkawi, 
Batu Puteh, Aug 1941, Nauen 38120 (SING); Langkawi, Kuah, 8 Nov 1968, Chung RC 7 
(KEP); ibidem, 5 Nov 2009, Rafidah FRI 64407 (KEP); ibidem, 1979, Stone 14349 (KLU); 
Langkawi, P. Langgun, 4 Nov 2009, Rafidah FRI 64398 (KEP); Langkawi, P. Timun, 1926, 
Holttum 17433 (SING); Langkawi, Selat Panchor L.R., 19 Nov 1941, Corner 37832 (SING); 
ibidem, 21 Nov 1934, Henderson SFN 28931 (SING); ibidem, Nov 1934, Henderson SFN 
29185 (SING); ibidem, 3 Nov 2009, Rafidah PRI 64388 (KEP); Langkawi, Tg. Rhu, 21 Nov 
1993, Anthonysamy SA 1144 (KEP, SING); Langkawi, Tg. Sawah, 22 Nov 1941, Corner s.n. 
(SING); Langkawi, Tg. Terai, 13 Nov 1941, Corner s.n. (SING). 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. This research was carried out as part of the flora of Peninsular 
Malaysia Project (Project no. 01-04-01-0000 Khas 2), funded by the Ministry of Science, 
Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), and ‘Documentation & Inventory of flora of Malaysia 
Project’, both at the forest Research Institute Malaysia (PRIM), Kepong, the ‘Systematic 
Studies of Selected Taxa of Plants Project’ ( Erycibe [Convolvulaceae], Chirita , Henckelia 
section Boeopsis, Loxocarpus and Salicini [Gesneriaceae] and Utricularia [Lentibulariaceae] 
in Peninsular Malaysia) (Research and Pre-commercialisation grant, GPP-TPBC-1208-001) at 
PRIM, and a Postgraduate Research (IPPP) grant (Project no. PS171/2008B) at the University 
of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur. I am grateful to the curators and keepers of the herbaria at 
BK, BKP, BO, E, K, KEP, KLU, SAN, SAR, SING and UKMB for permission to examine 
