THE GARDENS’ BULLETIN SINGAPORE 
The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore is a peer-reviewed journal publishing original papers and 
reviews on a wide range of subjects: plant taxonomy (including revisions), phytogeography, 
floristics, morphology, anatomy, as well as horticulture and related fields, such as ecology and 
conservation, with emphasis on the plant fife of the Southeast Asian-Pacific region. 
s/ 
Dr David J. Middleton Dr Jana Leong-Skornickova 
(Editor-in-Chief) (Managing Editor) 
Felicia Tay Dr Daniel C. Thomas Christina Soh 
(Graphics Editor) (Copy Editor) (Business Manager) 
Editorial Advisory Board 
Professor Sir Peter Crane 
Yale University 
U.S.A. 
Dr Rogier P.J. de Kok 
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 
U.K. 
Dr W. John Kress 
National Museum of Natural History 
Smithsonian Institution 
U.S.A. 
Dr Mark Hughes 
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 
U.K. 
Dr Kiat W. Tan 
Gardens By The Bay 
Singapore 
Dr Nigel P. Taylor 
Singapore Botanic Gardens 
National Parks Board, Singapore 
Dr Ian M. Turner 
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew 
U.K. 
Dr Jan-Frits Veldkamp 
National Biodiversity Center 
The Netherlands 
Dr Jun Wen 
National Museum of Natural History 
Smithsonian Institution 
U.S.A. 
Professor Nianhe Xia 
South China Institute of Botany 
P.R. China 
Published twice yearly by the National Parks Board, Singapore, the annual subscription for the journal 
is Singapore $100.00 including postage. Overseas subscribers should make payment in the form of 
bank draft or international money order in Singapore currency, payable to National Parks Board. Please 
forward payment to “Accounts Receivable Section, National Parks Board, Headquarters, Singapore 
Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569”. 
Instructions for contributing authors 
(more details in http://www.sbg.org.sg/research/instructions-for-authors.pdf) 
Manuscripts should be sent by e-mail to <gardbullsing@gmail.com> or posted to 
The Editor, Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, 
Singapore 259569. 
The language used is English. Prior to submission, it may be advisable to have manuscripts checked by 
someone fluent or proficient in that language. Contributions must not have been published or be under 
consideration elsewhere. There are no page charges. Submitted material cannot be returned. 
Authors will receive a pdf reproduction of their contribution, gratis. 
Cover letter, submission and copyright. In your cover letter or message, state clearly you are submitting 
your manuscript (state title) for publication in the Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore. By submitting the 
manuscript(s), authors agree that upon acceptance, copyright of the entire work becomes the property 
of the Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore. Authors must ensure all required 
permission has been obtained in writing to publish any material they present; proof may be required. 
Manuscripts are best submitted in electronic form (Microsoft Word 97-2003 preferred). Use Times New 
Roman, 10-point font, 1.5-line spacing. Do not send original artwork unless requested by the Editor. 
Number all pages serially including the title and abstract on the first. 
(continued on inside back cover) 
