37 
basal nervures above dilated and greenish. The female has the tip 
of the anterior wings, and three spots, one of which is sub-triangular, 
and placed on the thinner edge of the wings, black or dusky, and the 
posterior wings are clearer yellow. The nervures on the under sur¬ 
face of the posterior wings, are more or less dilated in different 
specimens. 
Yar. a —Female without the transverse cinereous spots beneath. 
THE CABBAGE PIONEA .—Pionea rimosalis , Guen. 
The advent of the European Cabbage butterfly in the immense 
numbers seen the past summer (1879) was sufficient to discourage our 
gardeners in their efforts to raise the valuable esculent which is 
the especial object of the attacks of the larvae. I had battled with 
these caterpillars for a month or so, devoting a large share of my 
cabbages to their use for the purpose of experimenting with them and 
studying their habits, the results of which are given in the preceding 
pages. 
When cold weather should have set in according to the usual cus¬ 
tom of this climate, I thought I had succeeded in saving the portion 
I had undertaken to save,—but a warm spell coming on, and having 
neglected them during a few days absence from home I was surpris- 
' ed on going into the garden after my return to find the outer leaves 
of those which were comparatively uninjured when last seen, thorough¬ 
ly riddled with elongate, oval holes. This rather unusual appearance 
soon attracted my attention by its singular uniformity,—I had noticed 
before this, now and then a leaf riddled in this way by the larvce of 
Pieris rapee , but the uniformity in the shape of the holes and the 
extent of the work, appeared to me to be something different from 
what I had seen before. 
Immediately on my return home, my assistant, Miss Middleton, had re¬ 
marked to me that another worm was at work on the cabbage, and 
doing more mischief than the larvae of P. rapee. I paid but little 
attention to tlm remark at the time, supposing it to be the larvae of 
our native species; Pieris protodice, but I was soon undeceived by an 
examination. To my dismay I found a new and hitherto unknown 
enemy of the cabbage, a new cabbage worm; notone here and another 
there at rare intervals, but more numerous, if possiable than the green 
larvae of the cabbage-butterfly, and working away with all the energy 
of which their caterpillar nature seemed possessed. It was too late 
now to save my esculents, but I had the mournful satisfaction of 
knowing that I could be the first to inform the world of this new cab¬ 
bage pest. I should have experienced a far greater satisfaction had I 
been able to make known to our gardeners and farmers the fact that 
some hitherto distructive insect had, like the Dodo, become extinct. 
Fortunately Miss Middleton had some in the breeding cases already 7 
in the chrysalis state from which soon afterwards the moths issued, 
thus affording an opportunity of determining positively the species. 
