23 
My experience does not give promise of much aid from the attempt 
to destroy the pupae. I have not tried placing boards among the cab¬ 
bages for this purpose; theoretica'ly the plan appears to be a good 
one, but there may be practical reasons why it will not succeed, yet it is 
worthy of being thoroughly tested; but if left to hunt places in which 
to pupate, the gardener is likely to learn that he can find but few of 
them. Winter is the proper time for this work, and the fences, sheds 
and houses the places where they will be found. 
As the eggs are scattered singly over the leaves, and are very 
minute, it will be exceedingly slow work to hunt them out and destroy 
them. 
Killing the caterpillars is, after all, the most certain and effectual 
means of getting clear of them that can be adopted. It. is true, it is 
somewhat laborious, and to some extent injures the cabbage in at¬ 
tempting to get at them, but Dr. Fitch’s plan of using a pair of scis¬ 
sors will partially obviate this, and also somewhat lessen the labor. 
It is stated, that by placing a leaf on the top of the cabbage in the 
evening they will be attracted to it and can easily be gathered in the 
morning; I did not try this, but their known indisposition to leave 
the leaf on which they are at w T ork would seem to render the advan¬ 
tage of this method doubtful; still it would be well for those who are 
troubled with them to try it. 
During the past season a neighbor succeeded in procuring very fine 
heads notwithstanding the presence of the pest in large numbers. I 
was informed by him that his success was owing to the fact that, in 
the first place his ground was made as rich as possible; in the second 
place the plants were brought forward a little earlier than usual, some 
two or three weeks in advance of the usual time; and in the third 
place were pushed to heading by extra culture, and I believe by tying 
up the leaves in part. The variety used was the .Flat Dutch. , 
I noticed in several cases that where the cabbages had been planted 
rather earlier than usual and the heads had formed, the result was 
favorable, for, notwithstanding all that has been said and written in 
reference to these worms boring into the heads, if they are firm and 
well formed they suffer comparatively little. 
Certain varieties also appear to suffer less than others, but I am not 
prepared to state positively as to the names, and therefore can only 
call attention to the fact. 
In concluding my remarks on this species, while I would urge further 
experiments with topical applications I would recommeud to gardeners 
to rely chiefly on the following means: 
Capturing the butterflies, especially the spring brood; killing the 
worms; earlier planting; selecting the firmest headed varieties; and giv¬ 
ing the plants as vigorous growth as possible, by enriching the soil 
and thorough cultivation. 
But the first remedy to be effectual depends upon concert of action. 
Since the foregoing was written, I have ascertained that Prof. Riley 
has experimented thoroughly with the fungus or yeast remedy pro¬ 
posed by Dr. Hagen. He finds not only that it fails to produce an 
epidemical disease among the cabbage and other worms, but that indi¬ 
viduals to which it is applied suffer no inconvenience whatever from it. 
I understand from another gentleman with whom I became acquaint¬ 
ed at the recent meeting of the Northern Illinois Horticultural Socie¬ 
ty, that he hrt*s seen pulverized cayenne pepper used, but it was of no 
