so 
designate the space between the costal or. anterior margin and the first 
strong vein behind. The nerves or veins are .the ribs that run from the 
base to the outer margin, and from the lines of the folds when the 
wings are closed. The nervules or veinlets are the minute transverse 
veins running from one rib to another. The anal or posterior angle 
is the angle which stands near the tip of the abdomen when the wing 
is spread. 
The parts of the abdomen which deserve particular notice are the 
following. The cerci which are two short processes issuing from the 
sides of the abdomen near its tip; one on each side arising at the base 
of the last segment and pointing backward; these, in some groups, are 
much larger in the male than in the female, and present important 
specific characters. The apex of the ventral (or under) portion of the . 
last segment in the males, usually curves upward, somewhat in the 
form of the prow of a ship; in some species it is elongated and point¬ 
ed, in others somewhat triangular and occasionally notched, and in 
others obtusely rounded; this portion of the last segment has been 
variously named, sub-genital plate , subanal plate, etc. The pre-anal or 
super-anal plate or lamina, is the triangular piece which in both sexes 
lies over the anal aperture; above and resting on the base of this 
plate is a little forked piece to which the name super-anal furculum 
has been applied. The ovipostor of the females consists of four short 
horny pieces projecting from the tip of the abdomen; two of which 
curve upward, and two downward; these are the valves . 
CLASSIFICATION. 
As explained in my first report, Orders are divided into families; 
families into genera; and a genus is composed of species. Besides 
these regular divisions in classification, there are often found to be 
characters by which well defined intermediate groups may be found; 
for example, the order Ortlioptera will admit of two well marked sec¬ 
tions, distinguished from each other by the fact that the species of 
one section have all the legs similar to each other in length, so as to 
fit them only for running or wmlking, and not having the hind legs 
elongated and fitted for leaping; while the species of the other sec¬ 
tion have the hind legs elongated and fitted for leaping. We may 
therefore call the first section, which includes the Forjiculidae , Blat- 
tidae, Mantulae and Phasmidae , the Cursorial Ortlioptera, or Cu- 
soria; and the other, which includes the remaining families, as the 
Saltatorial Ortoptera, or Saltatoria. 
For convenience in locating genera and species, I have divided the 
family Acridiclae into three sub-families: Proscopixae, Acridinae, 
and Tettigixae. The characters by which these groups are distin¬ 
guished from each other may be briefly stated as follows: 
Proscopinae.— Body unusually elongated, cylindrical and slender, al¬ 
most uniform in size throughout its length, and usually wingless. The 
