81 
head elongate conical, and either ascending obliquely or extending 
forward horizontally; antennae very short, usually not extending be¬ 
yond the tip of the vertex, and composed of from six to nine joints. 
The prothorax very long, slender and sub-cylindrical, having no pro- 
notum in the sense of a shield, as in the other acridians; the prono- 
tum here being simply the dorsal portion of the prothorax, as in the 
Phasmae , which they strongly resemble; the anterior legs are generally 
attached to its sides near the middle. The mesothorax and metathorax 
are very short, their combined length seldom equalling one-half the 
length of the prothorax. The hind legs scarcely fitted for leaping. 
No species of this sub-family are found in the United States. 
Acridine.—O f various sizes, from half an inch to four inches in 
length (the largest Illinois species does not exceed three inches). Tarsi 
furnished with a pulvillus or pad between the claws; pronotum, con¬ 
sisting of a kind of shield covering the prothorax and extending 
Fig. to. 
Acridium Americanum. 
backward, at the farthest, only upon the base of the elytra. In a few 
wingless species the pronotal shield is not well defined; and on the 
other hand in one or two genera it extends half way the length of 
the abdomen. Prosternum drawn up; that is, it is not in the same 
plane as the rest of the sternum or breast; spined, tuberculate or 
smooth, but never advanced upon the mouth. Elytra and wings gen¬ 
erally present, but sometimes wanting; but when present the latter 
never exceed the former in length. This sub-family contains all the 
true locusts and most of the species to which the name grasshopper 
is usually applied. 
Tettigina:.— Generally of small size, many being less than half an 
inch in length, and few, if any, exceeding an inch. Tarsi, without 
Fig n pads between the claws. Pronotum, forming a shield over 
the entire body, extending back nearly or quite to and often 
beyond the tip of the abdomen; sometimes flat, sometimes 
keeled and arched, and in a few species elevated into a sharp, 
foliaceous crest. Prosternum depressed to the same plane as 
the rest of the sternum; advanced upon the mouth, and usu¬ 
ally furnished with a semi-circular ridge, forming a kind of 
muffler into which the mouth may be drawn. Elytra and 
wings, when present, generally placed on the sides of the 
Tettix. body, the latter exceeding the former in length. 
Further subdivisions are sometimes introduced between the sub¬ 
family and genus, but it is unnnecessary for us to allude to them at 
this time. 
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