256 cXxxvn. zingiberace/E. [Carenophila. 
lip. Anther large oblong, crest large round entire. Ovary glabrous. 
Fruit globose, smooth, deep claret colour. Species 1. 
(1) C. montana Ridl. Journ. F.M.S. Mus. vol. iv. 78. 
Stems about 3 ft. tall. Leaves 12 to 15 in. long, 2 in. wide, 
woolly hairy beneath, sheath and ligule yellow woolly hairy. Spike 
5 in. long. Bracts ovate pink, uppermost 3 in. long. Calyx 1 in. 
long, pink. Corolla tube pink, lobes white, 1 in. long. Lip little 
longer entire edges upcurved white, speckled red. Fruit as big as 
a cherry. Hab. Rare. Pahang, summit of Gunong Berumbun, 
Telom at 6000 ft. altitude (Ridley). 
11 . COSTUS, Linn. 
Stems tall, often spiral, sometimes branched. Leaves lanceo¬ 
late, shortly petioled, ligule forming a complete ring. Spike ter¬ 
minal or on rhizome. Bracts stiff, often spiny. Calyx tubular 
trilobed. Corolla funnel-shaped, lobes large. Lip obovate usually 
entire, trumpet-shaped. Staminodes 0. Stamen very broad and 
thin, crest long, acute or upcurved. Capsule woody splitting on 
one side. Species about 40, South America, Africa, Indo-Malaya, 
Australia. 
Spike terminal; flowers white. . . . . (1) C. speciosus 
Spike on rhizome, large. 
Bracts strongly spiny; flowers red . , . (2) C. globosus 
Bracts hairy not pungent; flowers yellow . . (3) C. Kingii 
Bracts broad hairy and pungent; whole plant 
hairy; flowers red . . . . . . (4) C. velutinus 
Spike small; bracts glabrous thin . . . . (5) C. Kunstleri 
(1) C. speciosus Sm. Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 249; Ridl. Mat. 
ii. 24. 
Stems 6 to 10 ft. tall and up to 1 in. through, branched and 
spiral. Leaves 9 in. long, 3 in. wide, above glabrous, beneath 
more or less pubescent oblong acuminate. Spike ovate or oblong, 
terminal (very rarely on rhizome), 6 in. long or less. Bracts ovate 
mucronate, red, 75 in. long. Calyx short, red. Corolla -25 in. 
long, lobes 2 in. long, white, often tinged rose. Lip very large, 
4 in. long and wide, white, central bar yellow. Stamen 2 in. long, 
hairy on back, crest oblong acuminate, orange beneath. Hob. 
Common in damp open spots and edges of forests, from Singapore 
to Perlis. 
var. argyrophyllus Wall. Cat. 6555. A more slender woodland 
form, more branched, leaves silky on the back, flowers and spikes 
smaller. Lip entirely white smaller; petals often pink-tinted. 
Hab. In forests. Common. Distrib. Indo-Malaya. Native name : 
Tawar or S'tawar. Use : In magic ceremonies. 
(2) C. globosus Bl. Enum. PI. Jav. 62; Ridl. Mat. ii. 25. 
Stems 6 to 8 ft. tall, rather slender. Leaves on one side of the 
stem, oblanceolate acuminate, midrib pubescent beneath, 7 in. 
