152 
Ganl. Bull. Singapore 70 (Suppl. 1) 2018 
Appendix 2. Abbreviation and quantification of environmental variables. 
Parameters 
Abbreviation 
Water parameters pH 
PH 
Do (%) 
DO 
Temperature 
TEM 
ORP 
ORP 
Mean Velocity 
VEL 
TDS 
TDS 
Salinity 
SAL 
Stream dimension Mean Width 
WID 
Mean Depth 
DEP 
Pool (%) 
POL 
In-stream 
Macrophyte+Woody debris (%) 
MPW 
Substrate 
Leaf litter (%) 
LL 
Sand (%) 
SA 
Silt (%) 
SI 
Bank 
Shape (smooth 1- vertical 4) 
BSH 
Root (0-3) 
BRO 
shrubs/grass (0-3) 
BSG 
Riparian 
Heterogeneity (0-3) 
RHE 
Canopy (%) 
RCA 
Connectivity 
Stream order 
SO 
Forest edge (0-3) 
FE 
Open area (0-3) 
OA 
Swamp (0-3) 
SW 
Appendix 3. Abbreviations of dragonfly species. 
Abbreviation 
Species 
Common name 
Afe 
Agriocnemis femina 
Variable Wisp 
Agr 
Amphicnemis gracilis 
Will-o-wisp 
Agu 
Anax guttatus 
Emperor 
Apa 
Acisoma panorpoides 
Trumpet Tail 
Aru 
Argiocnemis rubescens 
Variable Sprite 
Avi 
Archibasis viola 
Violet Sprite 
Bch 
Brachydiplax chalybea 
Blue Dasher 
Cce 
Ceriagrion cerinorubellum 
Ornate Coraltail 
Cma 
Coper a marginipes 
Yellow Featherlegs 
Cme 
Cratilla metallica 
Dark-tipped Forest Skimmer 
