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Fig. 4. Some of the diversity of macroinvertebrates found in Nee Soon. 
(total of 1189 barcodes). The barcoding gene with the highest sequencing success was 
rbcL (321 species). Unfortunately, this gene rarely allows for distinguishing closely 
related species. We therefore invested more resources and time into getting sequences 
for matK (275 spp), trnL (321 species), ITS2 (190 spp), and TrnH-psbA (86 spp). The 
value of these barcodes was immediately illustrated when they were used to analyse 
the diet of Singapore’s critically endangered Raffles’ banded langur population (Ang 
et al., 2010; Ang et al., 2012) based on their faecal samples (Srivathsan et al., 2015, 
2016). The faecal material included DNA signatures for more than 50 plant species 
(Ang et al., 2013a) and it will be important for the conservation of Raffles banded 
langur to keep healthy populations of food plants. Unfortunately, obtaining these plant 
barcodes via PCR and Sanger sequencing was extremely time-consuming, therefore we 
also developed a different approach via genome skimming (low coverage sequencing 
of whole-genomes). Based on the results, we predict that genome skimming will be 
