io6 
VII. MENISPERMACEjE. 
[Fibraurea. 
Use: The wood of the stem and roots formerly used as a yellow 
dye, and also used in medicine. The whole plant very bitter. 
5. COSCINIUM, Colebr. 
Climbing shrubs, not very stout. Leaves ovate more 01 less 
peltate. Flowers in dense globose heads, in racemes or panicles. 
Sepals 6, orbicular. Petals 3, large spreading elliptic; anthers 
adnate, outer i-celled, inner 2-celled. Female flower, staminodes b. 
Ovaries 3 to 6; styles subulate. Drupes globose; endocarp bony. 
Seed globose, embracing a globose intrusion of the endocarp. 
Albumen fleshy ruminate. Embryo straight, cotyledons orbicular. 
Species 6, Indo-Malayan. 
Leaves very slightly peltate ovate yellowish tomentose 
beneath; flower-heads small . . ■ • t 1 ) C. 
Leaves oblong distinctly peltate, tomentum white; 
flower-heads large . . • • • • ( 2 ) 0. 
Wallichianum 
Blumeanum 
( 1 ) C. Wallichianum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 2, 
vii. 37. C. fenestratum Hook. fit. and Thom. FI. Ind. i. 99 {partly), 
King, Journ. A s. Soc. Beng. 3^1- C. Maingayi Pierre FI. For. 
Cochin chine, pi. 112. 
A moderate liane. Stem yellow when cut, tomentose above. 
Leaves coriaceous ovate-peltate, above glabrous shining, beneath 
yellowish tomentose; nerves 5, radiating from base, prominent 
beneath as are the reticulations, with 2 pairs of nerves from the 
midrib above; 6 to 7 in. long, 4-5 to 6 in. across; petioles woolly, 
3 in. long, thick. Male heads of flowers from the branches, m 
tomentose panicles, 4 in. long; peduncles 1 in. long; heads 2 m. 
across. Outer sepals short, inner ones longer oblong pilose. Drupes 
globose 1 in. through, fawn colour, on much thickened branches. 
Hab. Common in woods, but seldom to be found in flower. Singa¬ 
pore, Changi. Malacca (Maingav). Perak. Distrib. South India, 
Ceylon. Native names : Akar Kunyit; Kunyit Babi; Tol (Sakai). 
Use : In dart poison by the Sakais. 
(2) C. Blumeanum Miers, Conirib. Bot. 111 . 23; Hook. Jit. 
F.B.I. i. 99; King, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. l.c. 381. 
A woody climber, whitish woolly. Leaves coriaceous, oblong- 
ovate or oblong shortly acuminate, base rounded quite peltate, 
above glabrous, beneath white tomentose; nerves 7 radiating 
from apex of petiole, reticulations prominent, secondary nerves 
inarching near the edge; 8 to 15 in. long, 4 to 6 in. wide; petioles 
6 to 8 in. long, thickened at both ends. Male inflorescence from 
the old wood 4 to 5 in. long, woolly-tomentose; branchlets -5 in. 
long thick. Heads globose *5 in. across. Sepals and petals light 
yellow, silky-tomentose outside, lanceolate sub-spathulate, inner 
ones narrower. Stamens 6. Hab. Forests. Bindings, Lumut 
(Curtis). Penang Hill, 200 to 2000 ft. altitude (Wallich, Maingay). 
Kedah, Alor Sta. Native name : Akar Mengkunyit. 
