VII. MENISPERMACE^. 
Cycled.] 
115 
flowers. Calyx turbinate glabrous, white or creamy, 4-partite to 
the middle. Petals 4 linear. Drupes white pilose obliquely 
horseshoe-shaped obovoid compressed; endocarp with 3 tubercled 
ridges, ‘2 in. long. Hab. Hedges in lowlands up to 4000 ft. altitude 
in forests. Singapore, Changi; Tanglin; Pulau Ubin. Malacca 
(Griffith, Maingay). Dindings at Lumut. Perak, Thaiping Hills 
(Derry, Kunstler); Gunong Kerbau at 4000 ft. altitude (Robinson). 
Penang Hill (Maingay). Native name : Akar Gasing Bukit. 
(2) C. elegans King, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. l.c. 387; Ann. Bot. 
Gard. Calc. vii. 116, pi. 132. 
Climbing shrub nearly quite glabrous. Leaves lanceolate- 
ovate acuminate, base cordate or peltate membranous, glabrous; 
nerves 5 radiating from base, 3 in. long, 175 in. wide; petioles 
1 in. long. Panicles slender, solitary, axillary. Male flowers 
crowded minute. Anthers about 4 broad. Drupe pisiform, 
slightly compressed; endocarp boldly tubercled. Hab. Perak, 
Thaiping Hills, 1500 to 2000 ft. altitude, not common (Kunstler). 
Order VIII. NYMPHtEACE^E. 
Aquatic perennial herbs. Leaves usually floating round rarely 
oblong, often peltate. Scapes i-flowered, naked. Sepals and 
petals free hypogynous or adnate to a fleshy disc surrounding or 
enveloping the carpels. Sepals 3 to 5. Petals 3 to 5 or many. 
Stamens numerous. Carpels 3 or more in 1 whorl, free or connate 
or sunk in pits in the disc. Stigmas as many as carpels, peltate or 
decurrent. Ovules few or many. Fruit of connate carpels, or 
separate indehiscent carpels, or often an enlarged turbinate disc 
with the carpels sunk in the crown. Temperate and tropical 
regions. Genera 8. Species 30 to 40. 
Carpels confluent with one another; flowers showy white, 
blue, red or yellow, patent . . . . .1. Nymph.®a 
Carpels confluent with the disc into a berry; flowers hardly 
opening, dull brown and pink . . . . .2. Barclaya 
Carpels irregularly scattered in a turbinate disc; flowers 
large, showy . . . . . . . * 3- Nelumbium 
1. NYMPEUEA, Linn. 
Large herbs with creeping rhizome. Flowers expanded floating 
on long radical scapes, white, red or blue. Sepals 4. Petals in 
many series, inner passing into stamens, all adnate to disc. Stamens 
many; filaments petaloid; anthers small linear. Ovaries many 
in 1 series sunk in the fleshy disc forming a many-celled syncarp 
crowned by connate radiating stigmas. Fruit a berry. Seeds 
small. Species 20, whole world. 
Leaves entire or slightly sinuate; flowers wdiite to blue . (1) N. stellata 
Leaves toothed; flowers white to pink . . . . (2) N. Lotus 
