54 
CLVI. PALMACE^. 
[Calamus. 
than broad, yellow, brown edged. Hah. Forests. Singapore, Gar¬ 
den Jungle; Bukit Mandai. Selangor, Kwala Lumpur. Perak, 
Thaiping. Province Wellesley, Batang Berjuntai. Kemaman 
(Vaughan Stephens). Kedah, Langgar (Burkill). Native names : 
Rotan chichi; Rotan Pahit. 
(11) C. Ridleyanus Becc. Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. ii. 205; Ann. 
Boi. Card. Calc. l.c. 378, t. 158. 
Stem 30 ft. long, 1-5 in. through, indistinguishable from tliat 
of C. densiflorus, green, covered with scattered thorns 1-5 in. long 
or less. Leaves 6 to 8 ft. long; leaflets equidistant, linear acumi¬ 
nate, 3-nerved, 2 ft. long, i in. wide, tip only bristly; petioles 
6 in. long, edges spiny. Flagellum from upper part of sheath 5 ft. 
long. Male plant unknown. Female spadix 8 ft. long; peduncle 
4*5 ft. long. Spathes tubular with short scattered thorns *5 in. 
long. Spikes recurved, 3 in. long; spathels short cup-shaped 
scurfy. Hah. Not very common in the forests of the south. Singa¬ 
pore, Garden Jungle; Mandai. Johor, Gunong Pulai (Ridley). 
(12) C. exilis Griff. Palms of Brit. Ind. 51; Ridl. Mat. ii. 
204. 
Stem 15 to 20 ft. long, very slender. Leaves 3 to 4 ft. long; 
petioles 6 in. long, armed with thorns on the edge -12 in. long, 
sheath and back of petiole scabrid with minute thorns and some 
stout ones; rachis scurfy; leaflets lanceolate-linear long-acuminate, 
very bristly when young, 6 in. long, -25 in. wide. Male spadix 
few branched, ending in a long slender flagellum. Spathe tomen- 
tose, sometimes thorny. Flowers solitary or in pairs on the branch- 
lets. Female spadix longer, branches 2 in. long, recurved; flowers 
more distant, pedicelled. Fruit oblong, *5 in. long, light brown, 
scales much longer than broad. Hah. Mountains. Johor, Gunong 
Pulai. Malacca, Mount Ophir, Gunong Tundok (Griffith and Ridley). 
Selangor, Sungei Buluh. Perak, Thaiping Hills (Kunstler, etc.). 
Native name : Rotan Paku. 
I have described this from the type and plants gathered exactly at 
Griffith’s locality by myself. The Perak plants are much more robust, the 
fruit being -75 in. long, the spadix over 3 ft. in length. Young plants found 
in lowland woods differ in being ver>’ much more hairy, especially on the 
ligule, the raciiis and leaflets with hardly any thorns anywhere and a very 
weak depauperated male inflorescence. These are abundant in the wet 
woods round Castlewood in Johor, Tahan River (Pahang), and in the Thaiping, 
Hills, and closely resemble (if they are not identical with) C. ciliaris, BI. 
to which I formerly referred them. If, as Beccari says, all, including C. 
Ctirtisii, are specifically the same, the plant is extremely variable. 
(13) C. Curtisii Ridl. Mat. ii. 204, 
Stem *5 in. through. Leaf-sheaths scabrid, densely armed with 
flat, pale spines i in. long or less; petioles 8 in. long, triquetrous, 
with straight pale needle-like spines on edge; leaf 2 ft. lortg or 
more; rachis red-woolly; leaflets linear acuminate, closely equi¬ 
distant, with bristles at tip only. Male spadix 2 ft. long, lower 
