CLVI. PALMACE^. 
6 o 
[Calamus. 
short, very spiny, thorns needle-like, 3 in. long. Leaves 3 ft. long ; 
petioles 6 in. long; leaflets lanceolate-linear, deep green above, 
white beneath, 18 in. long, i in. wide. Spadix 3 to 6 in. long. 
Peduncle i ft. long or less with acicular strong spines. Spathes base 
tubular, limb 6 to 12 in. long, densely spiny, spines over i in. long; 
spadix-branches 3 or 4, very dense with short thick spikes crowded 
into a mass. Female flow^ers -25 in. long. Fruit obovate, beaked, 
black, shining, over i in. long. Hab. Common in forests, chiefly 
in the south. Singa]>ore, l.^ukit Timah; Bukit Mandai; Pulau 
Damar. Johor, Uhi Batu Pahat (Kelsall); Gunong Pantai (Kunst- 
ler). Pahang, Pulau Tawar; Tahan Woods. Selangor, Petaling; 
Semangkok Pass (Ridley). Kelantan, Sungei Keteh (Foxworthy). 
(30) C. conirostris Becc. in Hook. fiL F.B.I. vi. 461; Ridl. 
Mat. ii. 205; Ann. Bot. Card. Calc. xi. 480, pi. 220. 
Stem 10 to 20 ft. tall, i to 1-25 in. through. Leaf 6 to 8 ft. 
long; sheaths with very long spines at mouth, 4 in. long; leaflets 
narrow ensiform, plain green, 9 in. long, *5 in. wide, bristly. Spadix 
very stout, over 2 ft. long. Branches solitary, remote, very stout, 
4 in. long. Spathes with thorns in short transverse series, limb 
hardly any. Ihuit 1-25 in. long, narrow ovoid, beak stout, black. 
Hab. Rare in forests. Selangor, Weld's Hill (Ridley). Perak, Coping 
(Kunstler). 
(31) C. caesius Bl. Rumphta, iii. 57; Ridl. Mat. ii. 205. 
Stems medium, slender, glaucescent. Leaves about 6 ft. long; 
leaflets in distant alternate pairs, lanceolate, narrowed at both 
ends, pale green above, white beneath, 3- to 6-nerved, 6 to 8 in. 
long, I to 1-25 in. wide. Male spadix 2 ft. long; spathes grey 
thorny, branches decurved, 3 in. long. Spikes about 15, distant, 
•5 in. long; flowers distichous, close, about ii. Corolla -i in. 
long. Female spadix 6 ft. long, lower spathes 8 in. long, thorny. 
Spathels and spathellules infimdibulifonn unaniied, moutlis ciliate. 
Fruit oblong beaked, 5 in. long; scales small, yellow, edge darker. 
Hab. Open country. Muar (Pears). Johor, Batu Pahat (Machado). 
Negri Sembilan, Kwala Pilah (Moorhouse). Distrib. Borneo, 
Sumatra. Native name: Rotan Segar perak. The most highly 
valued rattan, often cultivated by Malays and Dyaks, and possibly 
all the above localities are where it has been introduced. 
(32) C. distichus Ridl. Mat. ii. 206; Becc. Ann. Bot. Card. 
Calc. xi. Append. 96, pi. 54. 
Stem -5 in. thick. Leaves over i ft. long; sheaths amied with 
flat spines, *5 in, long; petioles i to 1*5 in, long with short strong 
spines on edge; leaflets 20 in alternate pairs of four, lanceolate 
acuminate, 6 in. long, 1-5 in. wide, flagellum 8 in. long. Spadix 
2 ft. long; peduncle with horizontal spines -5 in. long; sheaths 
hardly anned. Male spikes distant, 1-5 in. long. Flowers close 
distichous, rather large. Females longer. Hab. Mountains, rare 
at 4000 ft. altitude. Selangor, Hulu Semangkok (Ridley). 
