CLVI. PALMACE^. 
63 
Calamus.'] 
leaflets alternate not fascicled, distant, ensiform acuminate to 
lanceolate-linear with a sw'elling at the base, 6*5 in. long, *5 in. 
wide; rachis stout, angled. Spadix large, branches over i ft. 
long, spikes numerous, 3 in. long in fruit. Spathes lowest strongly 
hooked, upper ones with a few hooks near the mouth. Fruit 
spherical, beak short, thick, 75 in. through, scales as broad as 
long. Hab. Forests, not common. Singapore, Jalan Bray (Ridley). 
Perak, Thaiping (Wray). 
(41) C. laxissimus Ridl. Mat. ii. 210. 
Leaf-rachis slender; leaflets ensiform in distant pairs, over i ft. 
long, *75 in, wide. Male spadix very long and slender, several feet 
long. Peduncle i ft. long with short needle-like thorns on the 
edge, branches 3 to 4 in. long. Spathes long tubular witli a thin 
lanceolate limb, the mouth with slender erect processes i in. long, 
all unarmed or nearly so. Female spadix 6 ft. long or more, rather 
stouter, branches 6 in. long. Spikes i- to 8-flowered. Hab. 
Mountain forest, overhanging the river. Rare. Pahang, Tahan 
River (Ridley). 
(42) C. aquatilis Ridl. Joimi. Roy. .Is. Soc. S. Br. 41, p. 43; 
Mat. ii. 210. 
Stem stout, about 30 ft. long. Leaf-shcaths densely covered 
with black bristle-like spines. Leaves large; petioles i ft. long, 
edges spiny, spines 2 in, long or less, black, slender; leaflets linear 
equidistant, i ft. long, i in. wide or more; flagellum 5 ft. long. 
Spadix very large and stout, *5 ft. through at base; branches 
numerous, 2 ft. long or less, branchlets 6 in. long with brown 
distichous spikes *25 in. long, about 30 on a branchlet; flowers 
close-set distichous. Spathes anned with hooks, solitary and in 
threes, limb *5 in. long. Female spadix with branchlets 2 to 3 in. 
long, unarmed. Fruit .small, globular, beaked, -5 in. long, yellow 
or brownish yellow, .scales as broad as long. Seed albumen equable. 
Hah. In tidal thickets, common in the south. Singapore, Serangoon 
road; Changi. Johor, Panchur; Batu Pahat. Pahang, Kwala 
Pahang (Ridley). 
(43) C. dirnietorum Ridl. Mat. ii. 211. 
Stem stout, moderately thick. Leaves large; sheaths with 
strong flat spines, 1-5 in. long; petioles thick, over i ft, long; 
leaflets single or in pairs, distant elliptic-lanceolate, 6 in. long, 
2 in. wide, narrowed both ends, pale beneath. Spadix large, 18 in. 
long or more, branches pendulous, 4 in. long. Spikes i in. long 
with close-set distichous flowers. Lower spathes flattened, edge 
thorny at the top; spathels .scurfy, pubescent. Hab. Thickets in 
open country; rare. Perak, Lahat near Ipoh (Ridley). 
(44) C. castaneus Griff. Calc. Joiirn. Nat. Hist. v. 28; Palms 
of Brit. Ind. 37, t. 185; Ridl. Mat. ii. 21.1. 
A bushy, not climbing, palm. Leaves very long; petioles with 
broad flat greenish spines in short transverse rows of over i in. 
