CLVII. PANDANACE^. 
84 
[Freycinetia. 
with secondary peduncles stout 2 in. long, cylindric blunt, i'5 in. 
long in flower, to 4 in. long, and 75 in. through in fruit. Style 
conic, angled, free, stigmas 2 to 4. Hab. Common in forests, 
Singapore, Garden Jungle; Chua Chu Kang; Bukit Mandai. 
Johor, Gunong Belumut (Holttum). Malacca, Mount Ophir. 
Perak, Thaiping Hills (Ridley). Penang (Curtis). 
Very near F. sumatrana Hemsl., but that has much smaller thorns; the 
type specimen of that is, however, rather a poor one. 
Order CLVIIL AROIDE.^:. 
Herbs erect tuberous, or with a creeping rhizome, or scandent 
and shrubby. Leaves alternate pctioled; petiole sheathing at 
base or for its whole length; lamina herbaceous or coriacecus, 
entire or lobed. Flowers uni- or bi-sexual, sessile, spicate on a spike 
(spadix) more or less enclosed in a large bract (spathe) green or 
coloured, in unisexual-flowered plants the males are at the top 
of the spadix, the females at the base with abortive flowers (neuters) 
between them, the top of the spadix sometimes of aborted flowers 
(appendage). Perianth-lobes scale-like or absent. Anthers 2- 
to 4-cellcd dehiscing by pores or slits. Ovary sessile, 1- to 3-celled. 
Style usually very short. Stigma discoid or lobed. Ovules i or 
more. Fruit baccate, rarely capsular. Seeds few or one, rarely 
many. Species about 1000. Whole world, but most occur in 
the tropics. They are abundant in Uie forests of the plains, dis¬ 
appearing at about 4000 ft. altitude (Ridley, Mai. FI. Pen. hi. 
I to 52). 
Flowers unisexual {occasionally bisexual in No. 3), no perianth. 
i. Arine^. Spadix appendaged (except No. i). Leaves entire or lobed. 
Stamens free; ovary i-cellcd ; ovules orthotropjous. 
Floating stemless herb: leaves obovate . i. Pxstia 
Submerged or aquatic herbs; spadix very short; 
spathe long, tubular; leaves ovate or 
lanceolate . . . . . .2. Cryptocoryne 
Terrestrial tuberous herbs, often unisexual; leaves 
lobed; neuters few or more . . - 3 . Aris.ema 
Terrestrial tuberous herbs, bisexual; leaves ovate 
or lobed; neuters numerous above females 4. Typhonium 
ii. Pythonie.®;, Tuberous herbs large. Leaves appearing without 
flowers, solitary, very large, 3-lobed or pinnatisect. Spadix usually append¬ 
aged ; ovules anatropous. 
Spadix with large appendage , . . • 5- Amorphoph.\llus 
iii. CoLoc,\siEiE. Herbs not tuberous (except No. 6); stem creeping, 
subterranean or erect. Leaves undivided, cordate or peltate. Spadix 
appendaged or not. Anthers sessile, free or connate. 
Small tuberous herbs; female part of spadix 
adnate to spathe , . . * . .6. Hapaline 
Stout caulescent herbs; spadix free to base. 
Ovules many, parietal; fruit sub-capsular . 7. Colocasia 
Ovules few, basal; fruit drupaceous, red , . 8 . Alocasia 
