148 CLXli. CVPERACE^. [Cyperus. 
Siingei Ujong, Port Dickson. Bindings, Bruas. Perak, Kwala 
Kangsa. Penang (Wallich); Dato Kramat (Curtis). Kedah, North 
of Guriin (Burkill). Disirib. All the tropics. 
(22) C. elatus Linn. Sp. PL 67; Clarke in Hook. fil. F.B.I. 
vi. 618; Ridl. Mat. iii. 71. 
Stems 3 to 4 ft. tall. Leaves nearly as long, *50 in. wide. 
Umbel large, compound, primary rays 6 in. long. Spikes narrow, 
cylindric dense. Spikelets brown, linear, 14-flowered; anthers 
oblong, crested, wings of rachilla lanceolate caducous. Nut half 
to two-thirds the length of the glume. Hab. Penang (Wallich). 
Disirib. Madras, Malaya and Polynesia. 
This species has not been seen in the Peninsula since Wallich’s time. 
4. MARISCUS, Vahl. 
Plants with the habit of Cyperus, usually tall with grassy leaves. 
Glumes persistent, basal two empty, upper ones bisexual. Style 
branches 3. Rachilla disarticulating above, the two lowest glumes 
leaving a knob. Species 160, all warm regions. 
Spikelets in compact heads. 
Base of stem thickened; spikelets in a dense 
white head ...... 
Bases of stem not thickened ; spikelets lax, green. 
Spikes cylindric on long rays 
Spikes broad on short rays or sessile 
Spikes sessile in a head ; leaves long weak 
Umbel compound. 
Spikelets oblong reddish with 3 to 6 nuts . 
Spikelets linear in globose heads on long rays, 
nuts 14 ...... . 
(1) M. Dregeaniis 
(2) M. Sieberianus 
( 3 ) M. cyperinus 
{4) M. tenuifolius 
(5) M. albescens 
(6) M. microcephalus 
(1) M. Dregeanus Kunth. Enum. ii. 120; Clarke in Hook. fil. 
F.B.I. vi. 620; Ridl. Mat. iii. 72. M. kyllingiaeformis Boeck. Flora, 
xlii. 443, 496. Cyperus dubius Rottb. Neu. Schr. Gesells, Freunde, 
Bert. iv. 193; RoxF FI. Ind. i. 189. 
Stems forming a tuft swollen at base, culms i to 2 ft. tall. Leaves 
narrow, shorter. Bracts long, deflexed. Umbel reduced to a com¬ 
pact ovoid head very dense, white, *5 in. long, of many ovoid 
spikelets. Glumes ovate, not keeled nor mucronate, 2 to 6, many- 
ribbed. Nut oblong or obovoid, beaked, trigonous, half as long as 
glume. Hab. Sea shores and sandy spots. Common. Whole 
Peninsula on both coasts, Singapore from Galang to Changi on the 
coast. Johor, Batu Pahat. Malacca (Griffith and Cuming); Pulau 
Besar. Pahang, Sungei Meang; Rumpin River. Bindings, Lumut. 
Kelantan, Kamposa. Disirib. Africa, India, Borneo. 
(2) M. Sieberianus Nees, LimicBa, ix. 286; Clarke in Hook. fit. 
F.B.I. vi. 622; Ridl. Mat. iii. 72. M. umbellatus Vahl. Enum. 
ii. 376 (partly). 
Rhizome stout. Culm 18 to 30 in. tall, bluntly triangular, 
often -25 in. through. Leaves shorter, -25 to -4 in. wide. Bracts 
5 to 10, long and broad. Umbel 5 to 10 rays, i to 4 in. long, erect. 
Spikes of numerous spikelets, cylindric dense, *5 to 1*5 in. long, 
