t66 clxii. cyperace^. [Schceniis. 
I to 4 fertile, terminal ones empty. Bristles present or o. Style 
trifid, slender, not enlarged at base nor constricted there. Nut 
trigonous not beaked. Species 6o, mostly Australian, few tropical 
and few in temperate regions of both hemispheres. 
Tall plants with elongate inflorescence . . • (i) S. calostachyus 
Dwarf plant with short flat stem and distichous leaves (2) S. distichus 
(1) S. calostachyus Poir, Encyl. Suppl. ii, 251; Clarke in 
Hook. fil. F.B.I. vi. 673; Ridl. Mat. hi. 85. Chcetospora calo- 
stachya Br. Prodr. 233. Cyclocampe Waigouensis Stend. Syn. Cyp, 
156. Cyclocarpa Waigouensis Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. iii. 339. 
Rhizome woody. Culms 2-5 ft. tall, leafy. Leaves numerous 
at base, few above, lower ones 6 to 8 in. long, wiry. Spikelets 
solitary, axillary in upper leaves, cylindric conic, *5 to i in. long; 
pedicels -5 in. long. Glumes brown, 10, edges hairy, lowest 4 to 8 
empty, upper 2 or 3 fertile. Bristles half as long as the nut. Nuts 
ovoid trigonous, black, sunk in hollows of the zigzag rachis. Hah. 
Rare. Sandy heaths, Singapore, Changi, Pahang, Pekan. Distrib. 
Malay isles, Australia, Polynesia. 
(2) S. distichus Ridl. Journ. F.M.S. Mus. vi. 194. 
A low tufted plant forming small tussocks from i to 6 in. tall, 
iDranches covered with distichous linear triquetrous leaves, i to 6 in. 
long, -08 in. wide. Culm with 2 or 3 sheathing leaves; from the 
sheaths arise one or two branches -5 in. long, angled, scabrid with one 
fusiform spikelet -i in. long. Glumes 4, imbricate lanceolate, 
violet, lower ones empty, terminal one fertile. Style trifid. Nut 
pale, pyriform, 3-angled and beaked. Bristles 0. Hab. High 
mountains at 5000 to 7000 ft. altitude. Rare. Pahang, Gunong 
Tahan, on the Padang (Ridley). Perak, Gunong Kerbau at 7000 ft. 
altitude (Haniff). 
14 . CLADIUM, P. Brown. 
Large herbs, culms leafy or not. Leaves flat linear, or distichous 
equitant. Spikelets panicled in clusters, small, brown. Glumes 
spirally imbricate, basal one to four empty, one to three bise.xual, 
terminal male or empty. Bristles small or none. Style trifid, base 
dilate, fused with the top of the nut. Nut with pyramidal or 
button-shaped beak. Species 44, whole world. 
Leaves terete, rather stout . . . . . (i) C. glomeratum 
Leaves narrow linear elongate; panicle elongate lax (2) C. undulatiim 
Leaves narrow linear, short; panicle short dense . (3) C. ptllchrum 
Leaves very broad, sword-like, distichous; panicle 
large lax. {4) C. Maingayi 
(i) C. glomeratum R. Br. Prodr. 237; Clarke in Hook. fil. F.B.I. 
vi. 675 ; Ridl. Mat. iii. 85. 
Stoloniferous plant, 3 ft. tall. Leaves few, terete, as tall. Culm 
leafy. Panicle lax, slender, 8 in. long. Spikelets clustered, i to 3, 
•2 to -25 in. long, brown. Glumes lanceolate glabrous, 2 to 4 
fertile but only i, rarely 2, nuts produced. No bristles. Nut as 
