lyo CLXII. cypERACE^. [Hypolyirum. 
(1) H. latifolium Rich. Pers. Syn. i. 70; Clarke in Hook. fil. 
F.B.L vi. 678; Bot. Mag. t. 6282 ; Ridl. Mat. iii. 100. 
A large plant. Leaves numerous, 16 to 36 in. long, *5 to i in. 
wide. Culm i to 3 ft. tall; corymb 3 to 6 in. across, compound, 
dense or rather lax, branches scabrid. Spikes very numerous, at 
first oblong, then globose and stellate in fruit, -25 in. across. Glume 
ovate acute, browm. Squamellee boat-shaped. Nut obovoid, pale, 
dotted red, eventually black, -026 in. long. Hab. In woods, 
whole Peninsula, common. Distrih. India, China, Malaya, Aus¬ 
tralia. Native names: Rumput Giring-Giring; Rumput 
Supiding; Rumput Susat Belukar. 
var penangense Clarke, l.c. 679, seems to me a remarkable form of this 
species with cylindric spikes (young) over '25 in. long. A single specimen 
was found by Maingay on Penang Hill, and I had it from De Lisle island and 
Tasan near the Mergui Archipelago, both without fruit. Elongate spikes 
occur here and there in the corymbs of typical H. latifolium, but in this 
variety they are all elongate. 
(2) H. proliferum Boeckl. Linncea, xxxvii. 126; Clarke in Hook, 
fil. F.B.l. vi. 679; Ridl. Mat. iii. loi. 
Usually a small plant about i ft. tall with narrow leaves. 
Leaves linear acuminate, 5 to 24 in. long, -12 to -5 in. wide. Culm 
slender, 6 to 15 in. tall, with i, more rarely 2, leaves above the base. 
Spikes I to 20 together, in from i to 6 terminal peduncled clusters. 
Bracts long leafy. Glume pale brown, edged white, ovate blunt. 
Nut obovoid acute, brown. Hab. Damp shady spots, Singapore, 
Economic Gardens. Pahang, Sungei Chenei (Fox). Penang Hill. 
Distrih. Carimon isles, Borneo. 
The usual form is dwarf with narrow short leaves and a small corymb of 
spikes, but in 1921, in the Singapore Gardens, I found much larger plants 
with tall 2 ft. long culms and much broader leaves, growing with the dwarf 
form. 
(3) H. radians Ridl. Mapania radians Clarke, Kew Bulletin, Misc. 
vii. 53- . . ^ 
Rhizome short, thick, erect. Leaves coriaceous distichous, 
crowded, linear acuminate, narrowed and red at base, 30 in. long, 
■25 in. wide. Culms very slender, red, 2 to 9 in. long; sheaths 
several udth lanceolate acuminate limbs. Spikes cylindric, narrowed 
at the tip, 12 to 20 in a head, spreading, -25 in. long, dark red. 
Outer glumes ovate, dark red, hairy. Floral glumes narrow 
lanceolate, boat-shaped, pale, hairy on the keel. Stamen filament 
slender, exsert. Nut ovoid stalked, -i in. long. Hah. Johor, 
Gunong Belumut (Holttum). Distrih. Mount Matang, Sarawak. 
Borneo. 
19. THORACOSTACHYUM, Kurz. 
Habit of Hypolytnim latifolium. Leaves and panicle as in that 
species but squamellae 4, and style trifid. Nut bony, shining black 
or brown, beak conic. Species 6, ]\Iascarene isles, ]\Ialaya, Aus¬ 
tralia. 
Panicle small; rays short; flowers brown . • (i) Th. bancanum 
Panicle large; glumes pale; rays long . . . (2) Th. hypolytroides 
