236 
CLXIII. GRAMINE^. 
[Thuarea. 
an obconk beaked nut. Species i. Madagascar, Ceylon, Nicobars 
Malaya, Polynesia. ' 
(i) Th. sarmentosa Pers. Syn. i, no; Beaiiv, ApyosI. 127 
i. 22, fig. 9; Hook. fil. F.B.I. vii. 91; Ridl. Mat. iii. 146 
Stems several feet long, quite prostrate, branches 3 in lon^ 
Leaves -2 to 75 in long, -2 to -25 in. wide, very bright green 
Spikes *5 to I in. long. Fruit -25 in. long. Hab. In sea sand 
creeping and forming a mat, Singapore, Galang. Johor, Jambu 
Larang (Feildmg). Pahang, East Coast rivers. Province M elleslev 
Teliik Ayer Tawar. Kedah, Yan. Lankawi. Pulau Adang 
Kelantan, River mouth (Ridley); Pulau Redang (Yapp). 
48 . SPINIFEX, Linn. 
Stiff, bushy or creeping grasses. Leaves long, stiff, narrow 
glaucous pungent Male panicle of 3 corymbs with membranous 
bracts at base. Spikelets sessile or sub-sessile, 2-flowered not 
awned. Glumes I and II lanceolate, equal, empty. Glumes III 
and IV longer acuminate triandrous. Female inflorescence of one or 
two large heads of radiating bracts, very long pointed. Glumes as in 
male but larger ; glume III empty or triandrous; glume IV female ■ 
styles 2. Species 4. All Australian but one. 
r s^fiarrosus Linn. Mant. ii. 300; Hook. fit. F.B.I vii 
03; Ktai. Mat. ill 147. Lamarck, III. t. 840. 
Sterns glaucous, about 12 in. long. Leaves 3 to 7 in lon^ 
recurved. Ma e corymbs (terminal) 3 in. long, 4 in. wide. Spikelets 
nearly -5 m. long, pubescent. Female heads with very slender 
acuminate bracts, 6 in. long. Spikelets glabrous. Hab. Sand- 
banks along the shore on the east coat. Johor, Jambu Larang 
(reliding). Pahang, Cheratmg and Pahang River mouths. Trin- 
ganu (Yapp). Kelantan, Kota Bharu. Distrib. India, Siam 
Ceylon, Java, China. 
plant become detached when ripe, and are blown 
along the sand on the points of the bracts in a very curious way. 
49 . ISACHNE, Br. 
Perennial grasses with lanceolate leaves. Panicles of small 
sub-globose or pyriform spikelets, usually whitish, not articulate 
with the pedicels. Both flowers fertile or occasionally the lower 
one male only Glumes 4, sometimes all separately deciduous, 
filumes 1 and II convex thin ovate or elliptic sub-equal; glumes III 
and ly coriaceous indurate, smooth, yellow or white. These grasses 
resemble in habit some of the small-flowered Panicums but the 
peculiar indurated glumes readily distinguish them. Species 30 or 
more, Asiatic. 
Glumes I and II longer than glume IV. 
Glume II longer than glume I, both softly hairy 
leaves thin . . . ^ fill sem'tfll' 
Glumes I and II equal, glabrous; leaves rigid coriaceous (2) I. saxicola^ 
