CLXIII. GRAMINE^. 
253 
Leersia.'\ 
(i) L. hexandra Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 21; Hook fit. 
F.B.L vii. 94; Ridl. Mat. iii. 148. Pseudoryza ciliata Gnff. Ic, 
PL As. t. 144, fig. I. , . £ • 1 
Culms 2 to 3 ft. tall, soft and slender. Leaves 2 to 6 in. long, 
•12 to -2 in. wide, linear acuminate, ligule rather long, rounded. 
Panicle 3 to 4 in. long, branches ascending, very slender, i m. 
long or less. Spikelets -12 in. long. Stamens 6. Hah Very 
common in open swamps and water meadows. One of the best 
fodder grasses. Singapore, Tanglin; Holland Road. Johor Batu 
Pahat. Pahang, Pekan. Malacca (Cuming, Griffith); Ayer Panas. 
Selangor. Kwala Lumpur (Ridley); Ampang (Hume). Perak, 
Kwala Dipang (Ridley); Tapah (Burkill). Distrib. All tropics. 
71 . CENTOTHECA, Desv. 
A tall perennial grass with broad lanceolate acute leaves 
narmwed at the base; ligule short papery lacerate. Panicle lax 
with spreading branches. Spikelets second, green, pediceUate. 
Glumes 4 or 5. Glumes I and II oblong-ovate empty; glumes 111 
and I\^ (and V, when present) bisexual. Glume IV edged with 
strong white spines with swollen bases bisexual and paleate. Species 
I or 2, tropical Africa, Asia and Australasia. , c \ o 
(i) C. lappacea Desv. Nov. Bull. Soc, Philom. ii. (1810) 189, 
Kmlh. Rev. Gram. i. 317. 7 o; Hook. HI. F.B.L vii. 332 ; GHff. 
Noiulo!, iii. 62; Ic. PI. As. t. 152, fig. i; Rtil. Mai. 111. 181. 
Stems I to 3 ft. tall, from a short root-stock. Leaves 3 to 
7 in. long, *5 to i in. wide, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Panicle 
6 to 12 in. long, branches 3 to 6 in. long. Spikelets '12 m. long. 
Glumes I and II green, edge white; glume III longer mucronate, 
bisexual; glume V small or absent. Hah, Forest paths, common 
all over the Peninsula. The spikelets are carried about by adher¬ 
ence of the spines on glume IV to cloth and animals fur. Singapore, 
Garden Jungle; Bukit Timah. Johor, Pulau Aur (Feilding). 
Malacca (Griffith), Pulau Besar; Ayer Panas. Pahang, lahan 
riv^er. Negri Sembilan, Bukit Tumiang (Cantley). Selangor, R^- 
tau Panjang (Kloss). Perak, Larut (Kunstler). Penang (Vallich). 
Lankawi, Burau (Robinson). Kelantan Kwala Aring (\ app). Nahw 
names : Rumpur Darah (blood grass); Rumput Silat Kain (cloth- 
spoiling grass). 
72 . LOPHATHERUM, Brngn. 
Tall, rather slender perennial forest grass with broad lanceolate 
leaves, petioled. Panicle of few branches; spikelets secund narrow 
lanceolate i-flowered; rachilla not jointed at the base prolonged 
beyond the flowering glume bearing several empty awned flowers. 
Glumes I and II empty, longer awned or mucronate; styles connate 
at the base. Species 2, Indo-Malaya, China and Japan. 
(i) L. gracile Brngn. Duperr. Voy. Bot. 50, t. 8; Hook. pi. 
F.B.L vii. 331; Ridl. Mat. iii. 181. 
Stems sometimes fairly stout and woody, 2 to 3 ft. tall, or 
