84 
Parasitic Diptera 
Phormia azurea, Villeneuve, 1911, p. 84 and 1913, p. 132; Surcouf and 
Gonzalez-Rincones, 1912, p. 135; Rodhain and Bequaert, 1916, p. 245; 
Rodhain and Villeneuve, 1915, p. 593; Roubaud, 1918, p. 420, pi. v; Plath, 
1919, a, p. 30, b, p. 191, c, p. 373; Patton, 1920, p. 30. 
Musca sordida, Zetterstedt, 1838, col. 657, 1845, p. 1332, and 1859, p. 
6185; Bonsdorff, 1866, p. 150. 
Pollenia sordida, Rondani, 1862, p. 198; E. Corti, 1897, p. 140. 
Avihospita sordida, Hendel, 1901, p. 29. 
Protocalliphora sordida, Villeneuve, 1910, p. 313; Kramer, 1911, p. 43, 
pi. iii. 
Phormia sordida, Villeneuve, 1911, p. 84 and 1913, p. 132; Roubaud, 
1914, p. 27, and 1915, a, p. 77, b, p. 94, fig.; Rodhain and Villeneuve, 1915, 
p. 593; Rodhain and Bequaert, 1916, p. 244; Roubaud, 1917, p. 434; Ville¬ 
neuve, 1918, p. 158; Engel, 1920, p. 256, fig. 8. 
Lucilia dispar, Leon Dufour, 1845, p. 205, pi. ii; Zetterstedt, 1849, p. 
3269, ohs. 
Phormia dispar, Robineau-Desvoidy, 1849, p. iv. 
Calliphora nidicola, v. Heyden in Nowicki, 1867, p. 44, note. 
Phormia nigripalpis, Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863, p. 846. 
Phormia corusca, Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863, p. 849. 
Avihospita braueri, Hendel, 1901, p. 29. 
Geographical distribution. The species has been found throughout Europe, 
from Lapland to Sicily. Its distribution in North America is not yet 
thoroughly known, but from Plath’s observations it seems that the species 
is prevalent in the west of the United States. The species was also recorded 
from Hawaii; if this is not an importation by man, the fly must have a very 
wide distribution. 
Ethology. The habits of the larvae were first described by Leon Dufour 
and more recently Dr Roubaud has established their habit of intermittent 
haematophagy and that they cannot live as subcutaneous parasites 1 . 
The species has been observed in nests of Corvus, Passer, Hirundo, Cotyle, 
Pams, Ruticilla, etc. in Europe, and of Pipilo, Hylocichla, Merula, Ampelis, 
Dendroicha, Petrochelidon, Passer, Carpodacus, Zonotrichia, Melospiza, Astra- 
galinus, etc., in North America. All these birds belong to the Passeres. 
2. Protocalliphora azurea (Fallen). 
Musca azurea, Fallen, 1816, p. 245 and 1821, p. 46; Zetterstedt, 1838, 
col. 657 and 1845, p. 1334; Bonsdorff, 1866, p. 150. 
Pollenia azurea, Rondani, 1862, p. 197. 
Protocalliphora azurea, Bezzi, 1907, p. 544, p.p.; Villeneuve, 1910, p. 313, 
p.p.; Kramer, 1911, p. 43, fig. 
Phormia azurea, Engel, 1920, p. 257, fig. 9. 
1 According to Roubaud the puparia of this fly are sometimes parasitised by a Hymenopteron 
Nasonia brevicornis Ashm. 
