36 
Parasitic Diptera 
erroneously to Prolocalliphora. These records are enumerated here separately, 
as they do not belong to the above named flies. 
In Europe they are as follows: 
Schneider, 1866, p. 89, and Kirsch, 1867, p. 245, pi. iii, figs. 3-4, on Passer 
domesticus, attributed to Prot. caerulea. 
Portschinsky, 1887, p. 17, pi. i, figs. 9-10, on Anthus pratensis, attributed 
to Prot. azurea ( Pollenia ). 
Meinert, 1889, p. 315, on Emberiza miliaria , attributed to Prot. caerulea. 
Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1894, p. 546, on Passer domesticus , attributed 
to Prot. caerulea , and on Riparia riparia, attributed to Prot. azurea. 
Pavay-Vajna, 1909, p. 288, on Motacilla alba , attributed to Melinda 
cognata (Onesia ). 
Heinroth, 1916, p. 158, on Motacilla , attributed to Prot. caerulea. 
And in North America: 
Henshaw, 1908, p. 87, on Sialis sialis, attributed to Prot. azurea. 
Miller, 1909, p. 1, the same. 
Plath, 1919, p. 377, on Astragalinus tristis. 
It is probable that there are here more than one kind of parasite, belonging 
to the Calliphorine or other flies. 
The genera Onesia and Melinda must be excluded from this list, as Dr 
Keilin’s researches show that the former is parasitic in earthworms and the 
latter lives in snails (1915 and 1919). The gen. Lucilia seems to be questionable, 
as Hesse’s observations of 1921, p. 154, are not convincing. 
If we have to deal with some Calliphorine larva, the gen. Nitellia must be 
taken into consideration. This genus was established in 1830 by Robineau- 
Desvoidy, but was united with Pollenia by all subsequent writers except 
Hendel and Tyler Townsend. It differs from Pollenia in having the common 
basal stem of the Radius ciliated above, as in Protocalliphora, with which it 
shows moreover a notable resemblance in the shape of thorax, in the flattened 
body and in the whole facies. The type species (vespillo Fabricius, 1786) is 
common in Europe and is present even in North America; its bionomics are 
still unknown. 
III. PHI LORN IS. 
Muscid larvae, typically living as subcutaneous parasites on birds, have 
been found only in the Neotropical Region. They belong to the Anthomyidae 
and not to the Calliphorinae. 
It seems that in Central and South America there are several species which 
at present are not well distinguished. The first case was recorded by Macquart 
in 1853 from San Domingo under the name of Aricia pici parasitic on Picus 
striatus 1 . The species was subsequently reported under the same name by 
Blanchard in 1896 who on Brauer’s authority established its synonymy with 
Mesembrina anomala Jaennicke. The birds infested were Oriolus cayennensis 
1 Macquart’s assertion that Salle had seen similar tumours in Mexico on other birds ( Icterus ) 
and even on squirrels is doubtful; the latter case may have been due to some Cuterebrine larva 
