A. Balfour 291 
sponding worms were found it is possible that these eggs had been swallowed 
by the rats and had passed through their bodies unchanged 1 . 
Very often Cysticercus fasciolaria of Taenia crassieollis Rud. of the cat 
was found encysted in the liver and in one case the eggs of Hepaticola hejpatica 
Bancroft, a nematode first observed by Chaussat in 1850, were found in sections 
of the liver together with portions of the worm itself (PI. XXIII, figs. 1 and 2). 
There is a good account of this parasite of rats by Hall in the Proceedings of 
the United States National Museum , l, 1916, p. 30. 
As a result of this work on worms two papers have already been con¬ 
tributed to the literature, one entitled “ Observations on Certain Cestodes of 
Rats” by H. A. Baylis of the British Museum, the other on the “Occurrence 
Fig. 1. (1) Intestinal worm of rat found along with Heligmosomum braziliense and possibly a 
I species of Viannaia. Greatly enlarged. Actual length = 3-88 mm. 
(2) As above. Actual length = 3-25 mm. 
of Heligmosomum braziliense Trav. in England,” by G. C. Dudgeon. Under 
the former title the new Hymenolepis longior is fully described and illustrated. 
Although not stated in the latter paper Heligmosomum braziliense had pre¬ 
viously only been found in Brazil and Australia. 
In the duodenal mucus of three rats there was found a number of small 
transparent worms with blackish granulations in their interior, occurring along 
with Heligmosomum braziliense. These, by reason of their form—corkscrew 
spiral—and the absence of longitudinal ridges on the cuticle, conformed to 
the character distinctions of the genus Viannaia , but as no sex organs were 
seen nor any eggs, it was impossible to place them in any genus. It is possible 
they may be immature and undescribed forms of H. braziliense. 
PI. XXIV, fig. 3, shows the contrast between H.braziliense and the possible 
Viannaia (Text-fig. 1) as seen in the intestinal mucus. 
1 The above suggestion that the eggs had been swallowed is probably erroneous, as further 
examination of sections has shown the presence of groups of eggs, situated in the crypts of 
Lieberkuhn, high up in the small intestine and in various stages of development. 
