340 
The Warble-flies of Cattle 
these are about 30 in number, and are compactly bound together in a black 
mass. In H. lineatum there are about 20 yellow, loosely bound discs in each 
spiracle. 
boms lineatum 
Laake 8 Laake 7 
Ultimate (? fifth stage) Larva. 
The ripe larva which leaves the warble tumour has a complicated spiny 
armature best represented by the ingenious form of diagram devised by 
Brauer. Though there is considerable variation in individuals, there is this 
constant difference between the species, that on the ventral (convex) side 
H. bovis has the two last segments entirely destitute of spines, while in 
H. lineatum the last segment alone is naked. 
Laake points out that the species at this instar may also be distinguished 
by the spiracles, and may be recognised while the grub is still in the warble. 
In H. bovis the reniform spiracle is somewhat funnel-shaped, the central boss 
being depressed, while in H. lineatum the whole surface is level. 
REFERENCES. 
The papers not consulted in the original are marked with an asterisk. 
Brauer, F (1863). Monographic der Oestriden. 
- (1875). Beschreibung neuer u. ungeniigend bekannten Phryganiden u. Oestriden. 
Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1875, p. 75, PI. iv. 
- (1890). Ueber die Feststellung des Wohnthieres der H. lineata, Villers. Verh. 
k. k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xl. 
*Brodersen, L. (1920). Om Rosenfeber hos Kvoeg. Maanedsskrift for Dyrlaeger, Copen¬ 
hagen, xxxi. 321. *Abstr. in Rev. Ap. Ent. vm. 82. 
Carpenter, G. H. and Steen, J. W. (1908). The Warble-fly. Journ. Dept. Ag. Ireland, vm. 277. 
u Carpenter, G. H. and Prendergast, W. F. (1909). The Warble-Flies. Journ. Dept. Ag. 
Ireland, ix. 465. 
Carpenter, G. H. and Corson, T. H. (1910). The Warble Flies. Journ. Dept. Ag. Ireland, 
x. 642. 
Carpenter, G. H. and Hewitt, T. R. (1914). The Reproductive Organs and the newly- 
hatched Larva of the Warble-fly ( Hypoderma). Sc. Proc. R. Dublin Soc. xiv. 268. 
Carpenter, G. H., Hewitt, T. R. and Reddin, T. K. (1914). The Warble Flies. Journ. 
Dept. Ag. Ireland, xv. 105. 
Carpenter, G. H. and Hewitt, J. O’N. (1920). The Warble Flies—The Clearance of an 
Island. Journ. Dept. Ag. Ireland, xx. 452. 
Clark, B. (1797). Observations on the genus Oestrus. Philos. Trans. Linn. Soc. 1897. 
- (1815). Essay on the Bots, etc. London. 
Curtice, C. (1890). The Larva of H. bovis, de Geer. Insect Life, rr. 207. 
