392 
Pen asitic Worms 
of Ascaris infection and indeed Stewart indicates that he regarded the onset 
of such symptoms in his experimental animals as definite evidence that 
Ascaris infection had taken place. Ransom, moreover, associates the pneu¬ 
monic disease, known as “thumps' 7 in young pigs, with Ascaris infection and 
by analogy suggests that many cases of “ pneumonitis” in human beings, 
particularly children, are possibly the result of invasion of the lungs by 
infecting Ascaris larvae. In view of these observations it is obvious that the 
indifferent attitude displayed by some people in regard to Ascaris infection 
must be abandoned. 
In addition to the pneumonia caused by migrating larvae, however, 
pulmonary symptoms may be caused by worms which have their final habitat 
in the lungs. The best known instance of this in human parasitology is, of 
course, the lung fluke Paragonimus , but instances in domesticated and other 
animals are by no means uncommon. Of late years chief attention has been 
called to the “worm pneumonia” of sheep due, mostly, to the lung-nematode 
Dictyocaulus filaria. This matter has been dealt with by, amongst others, 
Blum (1911), Knuth (1912) and Romanovitch and Slavin (1915). It is evi¬ 
dently of no small economic importance. 
The toxic effects of parasitic worms is a matter which has called forth a 
considerable amount of investigation, and with which the name of Weinberg 
has for some time been associated. Since 1912 his principal contribution to 
the subject is that, in collaboration with Seguin, on eosinophilia (1914). A 
certain amount of work, apparently negativing Weinberg’s conclusions, has 
been published but his views have received positive support from the work 
of Bedson (1913), Paulian (1918), Rachmanov (1914), Pomella (1921), Simonin 
(1922) and others. The frequent, though not invariable, occurrence of high 
degrees of eosinophilia associated with helminthic infection is a phenomenon 
of some import and it appears almost certainly to be correlated in some 
measure with toxic action. Weinberg and Seguin (1914) and Guerrini (1914) 
have published some interesting work on this subject. 
The association of Strongyloides with dysentery has been dealt with by 
Noc (1915) in Cochin China. He came to the conclusion that the worm is not 
absolutely definitely pathogenic, but that it is frequently associated with 
bacillary and amoebic dysentery and may possibly accentuate the symptoms 
of these diseases. 
A matter of considerable interest and perhaps of some importance is the 
reported occurrence of Nematodes of the genus Trichostrongylus as parasites 
of man. Instances have been recorded in India, Egypt and Japan. Species of 
this genus are not uncommon parasites in ruminants and other mammals, but 
the most familiar species in this country is that associated with grouse disease 
(T. pergracilis Cobbold). The first discovery of such worms as human parasites 
was apparently made by Ogata in 1889 and they were identified by Ijima 
(1895) as Strongylus subtilis. In 1914, however, Jimbo decided that these 
worms which are apparently very common parasites of man, and of man only, 
