126 
LXXIV. RUBIACEiE. 
[Canthium. 
(9) C. didymum Gaertn . fil. Fruct. iii. 94; King, l.c. 91. 
A tree about 20 to 25 ft. or a bush, unarmed. Leaves thin 
coriaceous, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate acuminate sub-acute, base 
shortly cuneate; nerves 3 to 5 pairs thin elevate beneath, nervules 
invisible; 2*5 to 4 in. long, 1*5 to 2-25 in. wide; petioles -2 to -3 in. 
long. Cymes sub-sessile or shortly peduncled; branches numerous, 
slender, -2 in. long. Flowers very numerous on slender pedicels 
•2 to -3 in. long. Calyx less than -i in. long, narrow-campanulate. 
Corolla-tube cylindric, lobes more than half as long, white, -2 in. 
long. Fruit pulpy, black oblong, -25 to *6 in.' long. Hab. Common 
in woods, and variable. Singapore, Serangoon Road; Chan Chu 
Kang. Pahang, Pekan. Negri Sembilan, Pasir Panjang (Fox¬ 
worthy). Selangor, Kwala Lumpur (Curtis). Perak, Slim (Kunstler, 
tree, 60 to 80 ft. tall). Penang, Batu Feringhi (Curtis); Hill 
at 2000 ft. altitude. Flowers pubescent. Tree, 30 to 40 ft. 
tall. Lankawi, Kwah; Tanjong Sirih (Curtis). Pulau Adang. 
A form with leaves elliptic to round, cuspidate, 5 in. long, 3 in. 
wide, and larger flowers, occurs Perak, Ulu Bubong (Kunstler) 
and Pulau Adang, on Pulau Tengah and Butang. Distrib. Borneo. 
The flowers are often monstrous. 
(10) C. congestiflorum Ridl. Journ. Roy. As. Soc. S. Br. 82, 
p. 185. 
Small glabrous tree. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, rather long 
acuminate, base shortly cuneate; nerves 5 pairs, distinctly elevate 
beneath; 5 in. long, 2 in. wide; petioles -25 in. long. Flowers 
15 to 20 in dense umbellate heads on a short peduncle; pedicels 
•1 in. long; bracts ovate-lanceolate. Calyx saucer-shaped, obscurely 
lobed. Corolla-tube short urceolate, dilate at base, lobes cori¬ 
aceous, thick-edged, ovate-triangular, tube white hairy below 
stamens. Stamens 5 in the mouth, filaments short; anthers large, 
oblong. Style cylindric, rather stout. Stigma sub-globose, grooved, 
large. Hab. Forests, rare. Johor, Sedenah (Ridley). 
52. VANGUERIA, Juss. 
Spiny shrubs with whorled or opposite, rather thin leaves. 
Flowers small crowded in axillary branches. Calyx turbinate or 
rotate teeth 5 (rarely 4). Corolla-tube short or moderate, cylindric 
or urceolate, mouth hairy, lobes 5 (or 4). Stamens 4 (5 or 6). 
Ovary 3 to 6, usually 5-celled; style short or long. Stigma capitate 
or cylindric. Fruit drupaceous with 2 to 6 pyrenes. Species 30, 
chiefly African. « 
(1) V. grisea Ridl. Journ. Roy. As. Soc. S. Br. 59, p. 116. 
Canthium griseum King, l.c. 62. 
Large shrub or medium-sized tree with long straight spines 1-5 
in. long. Leaves elliptic blunt, base cuneate, caducous, glabrous, 
membranous, pale beneath, 2 in. long, 1 in. wide; petioles slender, 
