184 lxxv. composite. [Bidens. 
oblong, edges scarious. Achenes black, long, narrow, ribbed, *25 in. 
long; spines about half as long. Hab. Open damp spots, not 
rare. Singapore. Johor, Batu Pahat. Muar, Sungei Pauli (Fox). 
Pahang, Sungei Chenei (Fox); Telom at 4000 ft. altitude. Negri 
Sembilan, Burunang (Cantley); Selangor, Batu Caves. Perak, 
Temengoh. Lankawi, Kwah (Curtis). Kelantan, Kwala Aring 
(Yapp). Distrib. All warm countries. Native name: Rumput 
Juala. 
11 . SIEGESBECKIA, Linn. 
Glandular pubescent herb. Leaves opposite, dentate. Heads in 
leafy panicles, yellow (or white). Ray-florets 1 row, limb 2- to 
3-toothed female, disc-florets tubular bisexual; 3- to 5-toothed. 
Involucre campanulate or hemispheric. Bracts herbaceous, gland¬ 
ular as long as the flowers, outer ones spreading. Achenes ovoid 
blunt. Pappus 0. Species 2, 1 South American, 1 cosmopolitan. 
(1) S. orientalis Linn. Sft. PL 900; Hook. fil. F.B.I. 304. 
Hairy weed about 2 ft. tall. Leaves triangular-ovate 1 to 4 in. 
long and as wide; petioles long, winged nearly to base. Heads 
•25 in. across, yellow outer bracts often long and glandular hairy. 
Hab. Waste ground, occasional. Singapore, garden weed. Perak, 
Telom River (Ridley). 
12 . SYNEDRELLA, Gaertn. 
Annual branched wiry herbs. Leaves opposite, dentate. Heads 
small, axillary and terminal rayed yellow. Involucre of few 
bracts, outer one or two foliaceous passing into the inner scarious 
bracts, about as long as the flowers. Ray-florets few, limb broad 
2- to 3-toothed. Disc florets 4-toothed. Achenes compressed or 
trigonous, outer winged with long teeth. Pappus of a few bristles. 
Species 2, American. One an Asiatic and African weed also. 
(1) S. nodiflora Gaertn. Fruct. ii, 456, t. 171, f. 7; King, l.c. 44. 
Herb 1 to 2 ft. tall, glabrous and scaberulous. Leaves ovate 
acute, 75 to 3 in. long, -3 to 1*25 in. wide; petioles 'i to -4 in. long, 
edges ciliate. Heads ‘25 in. across, axillary, usually sessile. Hab. 
A common and pestilential weed everywhere, in waste ground from 
Singapore to Penang. 
13 . SPILANTHES, Linn. 
Annual herb. Leaves opposite. Heads axillary or terminal on 
long peduncles, ovoid conical radiate or rayless yellow. Receptacle 
convex elongate. Involucral bracts in 2 rows, outer florets female, 
minute. Disc-florets tubular, 4- to 5-lobed. Achenes triquetrous 
or compressed. Pappus of 1 or 2 or no bristles. Species 40, 
chiefly American. 
(1) S. Acmella Murr. Syst. (ed. xiii.), 610; King, l.c. 43. 
Branched, 6 to 12 in. or taller, glabrous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. 
