432 
XCIV. GENTIANACEA3. 
[Exacum. 
Order XCIV. GENTIANACE^. 
Herbs, erect, twining, or floating, generally glabrous. Leaves 
opposite except in floating plants. Inflorescence in 2- or 3-divided 
cymes or i-flowered. Flowers regular (except Canscora). Corolla 
tubular or campanulate; lobes 4 to 6, oblong or linear. Corolla- 
tube various lobes 4 or 5. Stamens 4 to 6, perfect (except Canscora) 
rising from tube. Ovary i-celled of 2 carpels superior or slightly 
inferior; placentas parietal; ovules many; style linear; stigma 
capitate or slightly bilobed. Capsule sometimes more or less 
succulent; many-seeded. Species 700, whole world. (Clarke, 
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixxiv. extra number, p. 86.) 
Erect herbs. Fruit capsular. 
Glabrous; flowers rather large, blue or bluish 
white.. . . 1. Exacum 
Glabrous; flowers small, white or pink . .2. Canscora 
Glabrous; flowers small, blue . . . -3- Gentiana 
Pubescent much-branched; flowers small . 4. Microrphium 
Twiner; corolla over 1 in. long, yellow with purple 
marks; fruit pulpy violet . . . *5- Crawfurdia 
Floating or creeping on mud; leaves round ovate. 
Peduncles solitary from axil of floating leaf; flowers 
yellow ... • • ■ * • .6. Villarsia 
Peduncles clustered; leaf sessile; flowers white . 7. Limnanthemum 
1. EXACUM, Linn. 
Glabrous erect herbs. Leaves opposite, 3- or 5-nerved. Flowers 
panicled, 4- to 5-merous. Calyx deep-lobed. Corolla rotate; 
blue or white, lobes ovate. Stamens attached to corolla-throat; 
anthers opening by terminal slits. Ovary 2-celled; style linear; 
stigma sub-capitate. Capsule globose, 2-valved; seed minute, 
cup-shaped. Species about 30, India, China, Malaya, Africa. 
(1) E. tetragonum Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 398. 
Stem 1 to 2 ft. tall or more, 4-angled. Leaves 2 in. long, 75 
to 1 in. wide, sessile lanceolate, 3- to 5-nerved. Panicle many- 
flowered. Bracts linear. Corolla-lobes lanceolate acute, white 
tipped blue, -5 in. long. Capsule globose, -25 in. long. Hah. 
Grassy pastures in the north. Perlis, Kanga (Ridley). Distrib. 
Malaya. 
The specimens of this and E. pedunculatum Linn, given by Clarke, l.c. 
p. 87, as from Singapore (Lobb), were obviously erroneously localised. 
2. CANSCORA, Lam. 
Herbs branched, glabrous. Leaves opposite. Flowers cymose. 
Calyx large membranous tubular, often winged. Corolla-tube 
cylindric, lobes 4, equal or unequal, white or rose. Style linear. 
Capsule breaking irregularly (or 2-valved). Species 25, Africa, 
Asia and Australia. 
