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Card. Bull. Singapore 69(2) 2017 
better fit H. podzolicola. We have not seen individuals with particularly pronounced 
aerial stems in Singapore, but based on our observations in Singapore and Peninsular 
Malaysia, we believe that this character has little taxonomic value, as it is regularly 
seen in many taxa and is likely an indication of an old individual. Siti Nurfazilah et al. 
(2010) only reported female plants and, likewise in Singapore, only female plants have 
been collected. We provide a full description, including the previously undescribed 
seeds, and photographic illustrations of the species based on the Singapore population 
to aid future taxonomic work. 
The type specimens and all paratypes for the five names published in Siti 
Nurfazilah et al. (2010) were never deposited in KEP. The whereabouts of these 
materials, including those of Hanguana podzolicola , remain unknown. There are no 
morphologically well-matched specimens of Hanguana podzolicola from the type 
locality or nearby areas in any of the herbaria we have examined (E, K, KEP, L, P, 
SING). A single sheet of Hanguana podzolicola was found at USM (. Mohd Fahmi Bin 
Abu Bakar et al 59; Sofiman Othman, pers. comm), but this collection is not mentioned 
in the protologue and it is not from the type locality. The specimen consists of a young 
female inflorescence, but it has no leaves or fruits and therefore does not allow for 
unambiguous identification of the species. As the population in Singapore appears to 
be morphologically inseparable from the plants from the type locality illustrated by 
Siti Nurfazilah et al. (2010), we designate a neotype from a fully ripe female specimen 
collected in Singapore. 
We consider the two specimens, Corner s.n. from Mandai Road and Ridley 
170 from Seletar, previously cited with caution as Hanguana rubinea Skomick. & 
V 
P.C.Boyce by Leong-Skornickova & Boyce (2015), to rather be H. podzolicola as 
they match the living material seen in all aspects, most prominently in the large size 
of the female inflorescences. The ripe fruit on Comer s.n. also matches Hanguana 
podzolicola in the strongly obliquely positioned stigmas and seed structure. 
The vegetative parts of this species, especially the corrugated leaves and fairly 
prominent flocculose indumentum, are very similar to those of Hanguana triangulata 
\/ 
Skornick. & B.C.Boyce. Our preliminary results from genetic analyses of Singapore’s 
Hanguana populations (Niissalo et al., manuscript in preparation) suggest that the 
V 
sterile specimen from Upper Seletar originally cited by Leong-Skorniclcova & Boyce 
V' 
(2015) under H. triangulata ( Leong-Skornickova, J. & Thame, A. JLS-3036), is 
genetically part of the same population as our collections of fertile H. podzolicola. 
We therefore correct its identification to Hanguana podzolicola here. The only 
surviving populations of Hanguana triangulata are therefore in Bukit Timah Nature 
Reserve and, as confirmed by the preliminary results of our analyses, all plants with 
corrugated leaves in the northern parts of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve 
are H. podzolicola. In the fruiting stage these two taxa are not easily confused as 
Hanguana podzolicola has much longer and more slender inflorescence branches (to 
c. 30 cm), smaller pink fruits (c. 5-7 mm in diam.) that turn translucent green-dull 
pink to green-brown as they ripen, and strongly obliquely positioned and rounded 
stigma lobes (compared to short and almost perpendicular branches to 8 cm long, 
larger cream-white fruits 9-10 mm in diam., a stigma which is terminal or slightly 
