Epirixanthes in Brunei Darussalam 
181 
were also seen. The identification of each specimen was checked and the identifications 
updated when necessary. All cited specimens have been seen. Bruneian localities from 
herbarium labels are sorted below according the current administrative districts of 
Brunei Darussalam. 
Results 
Four species of Epirixanthes were found to occur in Brunei Darussalam, namely E. 
cylindrica, E. elongata, E. kinabaluensis T.Wendt and E. papuana J.J.Sm. The two 
former species were previously known from the country while the two latter species 
are new additions to the country’s flora. Epirixanthes pallida should be excluded from 
the Brunei checklist as all three duplicates (deposited in BRUN, K, and AAU) of the 
single collection ( Poulsen 3) cited in Coode et al. (1996) consist of misidentified plants 
of E. papuana. All four species co-occur in the Towland Mixed Dipterocarp forest of 
the Ulu Temburong National Park in the Temburong district, which further highlights 
the floristic and conservation significance of this area. 
The Epirixanthes species of Brunei Darussalam 
1. Epirixanthes cylindrica Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg 82 (1823). (Fig. 2A) 
Global distribution. Its range includes Myanmar, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and New 
Guinea (Van der Meijden, 1988). 
Distribution in Brunei Darussalam. It is documented only from the Temburong district 
in a few localities in Kuala Belalong - Bukit Belalong area. Its known elevational 
range in Brunei Darussalam is from c. 100 m a.s.l. up to 850 m a.s.l. 
Specimens examined. BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: Temburong: Amo, Ulu Belalong, L.P. 382, 
north-facing slopes below campsite, 18 Jan 1994, Coode 7845 (BRUN); Amo, Bukit Belalong, 
hill dipterocarp forest on Setap Shales ridgetop, 24 Feb 1992, Dransfield 1246 (BRUN); Amo, 
Bukit Belalong, hill dipterocarp forest steep slope near valley bottom, 25 Feb 1992, Dransfield 
1266 (BRUN); Bukit Belalong, east ridge, 20 Jul 1989, de Vogel 8989 (BRUN); Batu Apoi 
Forest Reserve, ridge between K. Belalong and Bt. Belalong, Jalan Tengga, damp, flat area 
below Bukit Belalong, 21 Mar 1992, Poulsen 304 (AAU, BRUN); Kuala Belalong, Batu Apoi 
Forest Reserve, upstream the Sungai Belalong river from the Kuala Belalong Field Studies 
Centre, along path, 10 Nov 1991, Hansen 1540 (BRUN); Kuala Belalong, E ridge of Sungai 
Belalong, ca. 0.9 km ESE from its confluence with Sungai Temburong, ecological plot 1,13 
Jan 2014, Dancdk 2014/161 (OL); ibidem, 30 Jan 2016, Dancdk 2016/367 (OL). 
Notes. This species is distinguished by a rather short and thick inflorescence. The apex 
of the inflorescence is covered by imbricate bracts. As most of the specimens come 
from middle altitudes this species seems to be rare in true lowlands. 
