THE GARDENS’ BULLETIN SINGAPORE 
The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore is a peer-reviewed journal publishing original papers and 
reviews on a wide range of subjects: plant taxonomy (including revisions), phytogeography, 
floristics, morphology, anatomy, as well as horticulture and related fields, such as ecology and 
conservation, with emphasis on the plant fife of the Southeast Asian-Pacific region. 
V 
Dr David J. Middleton Dr Jana Leong-Skornickova 
(Editor-in-Chief) (Managing Editor) 
Felicia Tay Dr Daniel C. Christina Soh 
(Graphics Editor) Thomas (Business Manager) 
(Copy Editor) 
Editorial Advisory Board 
Professor Sir Peter Crane 
Yale University 
U.S.A. 
Dr Rogier P.J. de Kok 
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 
U.K. 
Dr W. John Kress 
National Museum of Natural History 
Smithsonian Institution 
U.S.A. 
Dr Mark Hughes 
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 
U.K. 
Dr Kiat W. Tan 
Gardens By The Bay 
Singapore 
Dr Nigel P. Taylor 
Singapore Botanic Gardens 
National Parks Board, Singapore 
Dr Ian M. Turner 
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew 
U.K. 
Dr Jan-Frits Veldkamp 
National Biodiversity Center 
The Netherlands 
Dr Jun Wen 
National Museum of Natural History 
Smithsonian Institution 
U.S.A. 
Professor Nianhe Xia 
South China Institute of Botany 
PR. China 
Published twice yearly by the National Parks Board, Singapore, the annual subscription for the journal 
is Singapore $100.00 including postage. Overseas subscribers should make payment in the form of 
bank draft or international money order in Singapore currency, payable to National Parks Board. Please 
forward payment to “Accounts Receivable Section, National Parks Board, Headquarters, Singapore 
Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569”. 
Copyright © 
National Parks Board 
Singapore Botanic Gardens 
1 Cluny Road 
Singapore 259569 
Printed by Oxford Graphic Printers Pte Ltd 
