53 
ir from the second at its origin as this is from the first, nearly par- 
lel with the second vein, very slightly farther from it at its tip than 
t its base, its fork given off forward of its middle, and this fork 
ending off the second one beyond its middle. Tip of the first fork 
vice as far from the tip of the third vein as from the second fork, 
'ourth vein strongly curved through two-thirds of its length and then 
traight and parallel with the second fork, its tip nearer the tip of the 
icond fork than this is to the first fork, and almost twice as far from 
le tip of the rib-vein as from the second fork." 
“In the spring, before the heads are formed on the grain stalk, they 
ve singly scattered over the leaves and stalks, the young lice as soon 
s they are born wandering away from their parents without any ap 
krent disposition to form colonies. But as soon as the heads begin 
> appear, these insects, led by mysterious instinct, forsake all other 
arts of the plant and congregate upon the heads, fixing themselves, 
ead downwards upon the base of the chaff which envelops the ker- 
el. Now the young lice, instead of wandering away, fix themselves 
1 compact colonies around their parents. This change in habit, it is 
sserted, is accompanied by a change in color, that while feeding on 
le leaves they are grassy green, but when they change to the heads 
lev gradually acquire an orange color, and ultimately change to the 
dors mentioned.” 
But so far as those found on the leaves -and stalks are concerned, 
le description given does not appear to be uniform, for I found upon 
le wheat in the winter of 1875, living specimens, winged and apterous, 
he apterous specimens are more or less brownish, thus agreeing 
ith the characters given by Curtis. The winged specimens before 
ie agree with Dr. Fitch’s description, except that the head is shining 
Slack ; the antennae nearly as long as the body, not pale at the base; 
ie front of the thorax greenish-yellow, back of the thorax black, rest 
reenish yellow; honey-tubes do not quite reach the tip of the abdo- 
len; wings perfectly pellucid; the rib vein a nearly transparent hon- 
yf-yellow, rest of the veins colorless. The arrangement of the veins 
^responds with that given; the abdomen greenish-yellow, slightly- 
ecked with fuscous in addition to the lateral spots. 
But this is undoubtedly the species now under consideration, as is 
iowh by the form of the head and thorax, the oval elevated spots 
n the thorax, venation of the wings, and other undoubted characters, 
his identification, which fortunately T am now able to make, enables 
ie to add something to the history of the species. When the winter 
heat appears above the ground in the fall, it passes from its hiding 
lace at this time, wherever that may be, probably in the same way 
mt it does from the winter wheat to the spring wheat and oats in 
ie spring, that is by the w r inged individuals. 
Mere they work upon the leaves and stalks singly, while the weather 
not too cold, but when winter appears they move down towards the 
round, some of them, at least, entering the soil and feeding upon the 
ip of the roots. At any rate, I find the apterous ones at this time 
orking upon the roots, but at the same time 1 find a winged indi- 
idual above ground. I have also observed them heretofore at the root 
f the wheat, late in the winter, while snow was on the ground; and 
hat somewhat surprised me, I found them busy at work under the 
low, and the apterous females bearing w r ell formed larvae. I am, 
lerefore, led to believe that in this latitude the species passes the 
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