138 Purported New Species , etc. 
quoted by Kuchenmeister, 1855, p. 438), 0. Fabricius (from Schiodte, 1854), 
Wallace (1853), Kuchenmeister (1855), Murray (1861), and Lumholz (1892). 
I have been able to verify the references to Fabricius, Denny, Schiodte 
and Wallace, those to Pouchet and Lumholz were only accessible in other 
editions of their works, whilst Olfers and Kuchenmeister have proved in¬ 
accessible to me. 
According to Kuchenmeister (1855), Pouchet (1841) regarded the lice of 
negroes as a distinct species, but I find that Pouchet (1832, p. 412) makes no 
such statement. Fahrenholz cites Wallace as believing that Amazon Indian 
lice differ from those of Europeans, but Wallace (1853, p. 244) expresses 
himself cautiously, stating only that they are “probably a distinct species 
from that of our own country.”, Kuchenmeister (1855, p. 428, PI. IX, 
figs. 9-15) examined nits on the mummies of a New Zealander and Peruvian, 
and measured the claws of the therein contained louse embryos, finding as he 
supposed that they differed from those of European lice. Fahrenholz (1915, 
p. 593) remarks that to Kuchenmeister undoubtedly belongs the credit “auf 
den tatsdchlich vorhandenen Langenunterschied in den Krallen der Lduse 
verschiedener Menschenrassen hinge'wiesen zu haben 1 .” 
Schiodte (1854, p. 154) merely supposed that the Greenlander’s lice, re¬ 
ferred to by 0. Fabricius, probably constituted a distinct species like those 
on negroes, but 0. Fabricius (1780, p. 215) makes no mention, I find, of these 
lice being different from those on Europeans. 
Lumholz (1889, p. 117, English edition) states that the head and body of 
most Australian natives are heavily infested with rather large dark lice that 
are “quite different from the common Pediculus capitis” ; Lumholz did not 
become infested with the Australians’ lice though they were dropped about 
in plenty. 
We may now consider in some detail the characters which Fahrenholz, 
in his various publications, ascribes to the forms he distinguishes: 
Pediculus nigritarum Fabricius 1805. 
Synonyms: 
P. nigritarum Fabricius 1805, p. 340. 
P. nigrescens Olfers 1816 (fide Fahrenholz). 
P. corporis var. nigritarum (Fabricius 1805) Fahrenholz 1915, p. 597, 
fig. 1 (sternal plate). 
P. corporis nigritarum (Fabricius 1805) Fahrenholz, vn. 1916, p. 270. 
Designated as a sub-species for no apparent reason (vide supra). 
1 The italicized passages in the quotations from Fahrenholz throughout this paper are printed 
in spaced type by that author. 
N.B. The sign • introduced by me into citations from Fahrenholz indicates that I challenge 
the value of the statement he makes. Refer to my adverse criticisms as to the validity of the 
characters he gives in his diagnoses. See pp. 143 el seq. 
