246 
Anopheles in Flanders 
findings for all the districts and then strike averages because the different 
districts vary in their characters and have been surveyed with varying 
thoroughness and skill. It seems fairest, therefore, to take the results obtained 
in a district which, in its physical features, is representative of the greater 
part of the Second Army area and which has been carefully and thoroughly 
surveyed. Having regard then, to the season of the year when the investi¬ 
gation was made, the findings of the Hazebrouck district are selected as 
representative. The findings are: 
Proportion of waters infested with Anophelines ... 
Number of Anopheline waters per square mile 
Proportion of Anopheline waters with numerous larvae ... 
»> •* few ,, ... ... . 
„ „ „ undetermined number of larvae 
14 % about 1 in 7 
5 
25 0 % 
56-3 % 
18-7 % 
As a matter of interest the findings for the Poperinghe and Southern 
districts, which were surveyed in fair detail, and the whole Second Army 
area, as well as the findings for certain eastern counties of England are 
given in the following table. The figures relating to England have been ob¬ 
tained from the writer’s analyses of the data of 64 waters given by Nuttall, 
Cobbett and Strangeways-Pigg 1 . Similar figures to these with regard to the 
Table showing comparison between the degrees of infestations of 
various districts in Flanders and England. 
Particulars 
Hazebrouck 
District: 
Standard 
Poperinghe 
Southern 
Whole 
Second 
Army 
area 
* 
Eastern counties* 
of England, July 
and September, 
1900 
Percentage of waters infested with 
Anophelines 
14 0 % 
14-5 % 
20 % (?) 
140 % 
Number of Anopheline waters per 
square mile 
5 
2-4 
3-2 
1-4 
— 
Percentage of Anopheline waters 
with numerous larvae ... 
250 
27-5 
? 
20-7 
56-25f 
Percentage of Anopheline waters 
with few larvae ... 
56-25 
69-0 
? 
63-2 
29-7 
Percentage of Anopheline waters 
with doubtful number of larvae 
18-75 
3-5 
V 
16-1 
14-0 
* Counties of Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Bedfordshire, 
Hertfordshire, Essex and Kent. 
t 48-4 % numerous, 7-85 % fairly numerous. 
later finds of Grove, Parsons and Macdonald 2 in England cannot be made 
from their reports. This is unfortunate as these investigators have surveyed 
districts where cases of malaria have recently occurred among troops and 
civilians who have never been out of the British Isles. 
It will be noticed that the proportion of English Anopheline waters which 
contained numerous larvae was much greater than that of the Flemish waters. 
How the degree of infestation of the Flanders region would compare with 
other areas in European countries in the temperate zone cannot be given, as 
1 Loc. cit. 
2 Loc. cit. 
