248 
Anopheles in Flanders 
All factors considered, then, it would seem that there was little likelihood 
of an epidemic of malaria occurring in the British Army in Flanders. Still 
less likely is an outbreak to-day among the civilian population. Further, as 
will be shown presently, even in the event of an outbreak, the entomological 
conditions are easily amenable to control. 
NOTES ON CERTAIN PREVENTIVE MEASURES. 
The object of this section is merely to indicate certain conditions which 
were peculiar to the existing circumstances and which would have demanded 
special consideration in the event of the institution of prophylactic measures. 
Military exigencies permitting, a great deal of most useful preventive 
work would have been easily practicable owing to the type of Anopheline 
waters existing in this zone. Most of these are pools of comparatively small 
size and thus amenable to treatment by the usual methods of dragging them 
free of weeds and oiling. If all such habitats were treated successfully the 
Anophelines of the area would be brought under control. 
In the case of certain pools important considerations would arise when 
deciding what action should be taken when the Anopheline water was (1) the 
sole source of supply for military horses, (2) the sole source of supply for 
' civilians or their farm stock. 
The first difficulty could be overcome in certain cases by digging a separate 
small water-hole at the side of the pool, and then periodically treating the 
pool. In this way water could be obtained which would not offend the sense 
of smell of horses. In many cases a water-hole would be unnecessary as many 
transport units are provided with pumps and hose which permit the with¬ 
drawal of water from below the surface. 
In the second instance arrangements would have to be made with civilians, 
through the usual authorities, that their water should be treated but that 
they could obtain necessary supplies from the same source as the military. 
In conclusion, all sites of malarial segregation camps, permanent hospitals 
and depots, and the camps of coloured troops and Chinese labourers would 
have to be carefully chosen. In the event of such places being compulsorily 
near Anopheline waters it would be necessary to put rigorously into practice 
the usual preventive measures. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 
The writer desires to record, with grateful acknowledgments, the names 
of those officers, non-commissioned officers and men who so willingly assisted 
in the survey and, at the same time, to note the nature of the services rendered. 
Major Dale, D.A.D.M.S. (Sanitation) Second Army, was responsible in ar¬ 
ranging that my movements were free and unhampered. He also collected 
and forwarded specimens. The following officers commanding sanitary sec¬ 
tions of the R.A.M.C., as well as affording me pleasant hospitality, arranged 
means of transport and detailed assistants from their units: Captains Porter, 
