258 The Ascaridae 
have shown, has no close relationship with any of the Ascaridae, and probably 
belongs to the Oxyuridae. 
Heterocheilus (type-species, H. tunicatus Dies., 1839, from Manatus ex¬ 
unguis) has a very peculiar cuticular swelling behind the lips, consisting of 
a series of longitudinal ribs; while the lips themselves, from Diesing s figures, 
seem to be of an unusual type. The oesophagus has a bulb at the base, and 
there is an intestinal caecum running forwards. 
Typhlophorus (type-species, T. lamellaris v. Linst., 1906, from Gavialis 
gangeticus). From the brief description of this form, and from the figures, it 
appears to be closely related to Hctcrochcilus. There is a very similar longi¬ 
tudinally-ribbed cuticular swelling behind the lips. A long intestinal caecum 
is present, but the structure of the oesophagus is not described. 
Porrocaecum (type-species, P. [Ascaris] crassum (Deslongchamps), from 
ducks). In the structure of the alimentary canal this genus corresponds to 
Dujardin’s Section 2, which includes the type-species, and also to what has 
just now been described as “type IV.” 
Crossophorus is a genus of so highly specialised a type that it seems to have 
little or nothing in common with the other genera. It certainly possesses two 
long intestinal caeca, but in several features (see Baylis (1919, b)) it appears 
to be quite isolated. 
Lecanocephalus. The correct generic name, as Railliet and Henry (1915) 
have pointed out, is Goezia Zeder, 1800 (type-species, G. ascaroides (Goeze, 
1782), from Silurus glanis). This genus is characterised by having the cuticle 
armed with numerous transverse rings of spines, and by the peculiar, flattened 
shape of the lips, which are unlike those of any other known Ascarid. For 
these reasons it may be doubted whether it bears any close relationship to 
most of the genera among which it has been placed. Its claim to this position 
is based on its possession of a long glandular oesophageal appendix and a 
short intestinal caecum, in which respects it resembles Contracaecum. 
Contracaecum (type-species, C. \Ascaris~\ spiculigerum (Bud., 1809), from 
the cormorant, etc.) corresponds, in the structure of the alimentary canal, 
to Dujardin’s Section 3, and to “type V” in the list given above. 
Terranova (type-species, T. antarctica Leiper and Atkinson, 1914, from a 
shark, Mustelus antarcticus) . The characters upon which this genus was based 
were “three large simple lips. No interlabia. Oesophagus simple. Gut vith 
anterior caecal prolongation. No oesophageal appendage. A re-examination 
of the type-specimen, however, shows that the statement that the oesophagus 
is simple was erroneous, and that, on the contrary, it has a specialised ventri¬ 
cular portion, 1*4 mm. long, and therefore the structure is of the same t}pe 
as in Porrocaecum. 
Kathleena (type-species, K. osculata (Bud., 1802), from seals). On com¬ 
paring examples of the two type-species, the characters of this genus appear 
to be identical with those of Contracaecum. 
Raphidascaris (type-species, R. acus (Bloch, 1779), from the pike) is 
