260 
The Ascaridae 
the forms with a true ventriculus should be placed together. It may prove 
that the forms without a true ventriculus ought to be entirely separated from 
those possessing it, and that their inclusion in the same subfamily is too 
artificial. Certain forms of this type may, however, be placed here at present 
provisionally. The true relationships of all the genera and species can, of 
course, only be estimated after a much fuller inquiry into their entire anatomy. 
The following arrangement is suggested: 
Anisakinae Railliet and Henry, 1912, emend. Baylis, 1920. 
Ascaridae having the general external appearance of an A.scaris, i.e. with 
a smooth cuticle, transversely striated but without cuticular spines or other 
raised structures. The oesophagus may or may not be divided into an anterior 
muscular portion and a posterior ventriculus of different histological structure. 
When the latter is absent (and frequently when it is present) there is an 
anterior caecum, springing from the intestine and lying alongside of the 
oesophagus. A posterior caecum or solid glandular appendix may also be 
developed in connection with the ventricular portion of the oesophagus. 
Interlabia may be present or absent, and when present show various degrees 
of development. Dentigerous ridges on the lips may also be present or absent. 
The species are parasitic in the alimentary canal of mammals, birds, reptiles 
and fishes, and the majority are found in aquatic or at least fish-eating hosts. 
There is reason to believe that in some cases, and perhaps in all, an inter¬ 
mediate host is required for their development, and that, in the case of species 
inhabiting fish-eating animals when adult, the intermediate host is a fish. 
• 
Type-genus —Anisalds Duj., 1845. 
The following genera may be enumerated: 
(1) Anisakis Duj., 1845 [= Peritrachelius Dies., 1851; = Conocephalus 
Dies., 1861]. 
Oesophagus with anterior muscular portion and posterior ventriculus, the 
latter being oblong or sigmoid in shape. No oesophageal or intestinal caecum. 
Interlabia absent. Dentigerous ridges present. Spicules of male sometimes 
unequal. 
Hob .—stomach and intestine of marine mammals. 
With the following species: 
A. dussumieri van Ben., 1870 ( =A. simplex Duj., 1845, nec Rudolphi, 1809) (genotype) from 
a dolphin. 
A. typica (Dies., 1860) from Delphinus, Phocaena, Prodelpliinus (perhaps identical with the 
preceding). 
A. insignis (Dies., 1851) from Inia geoffroyi (—Delphinus amazonicus). 
A. similis (Baird, 1853) from a seal (Antarctic). 
A rosmari (Baylis, 1916) [ = A scar is bicolor Baird, 1868] from the Walrus (Odobaenus rosmarus). 
A. simplex (Rud. 1809) from Balaenoptera, Delphinus, etc. 
?A kukenthalii (Cobb, 1888) from Delphinapterus (sp. inq.; perhaps = A. simplex). 
