H. Kobayasiii 
389 
level of the testes and ovary, as in Platynosomum ; in others, however, the widest 
portion is in the posterior region as in Dicrocoelium and Paradistomum. The 
position of the testes varies considerably; in some specimens they lie sym¬ 
metrically, as in Platynosomum , Eurytrema , and Paradistomum , while in 
others they lie obliquely. The cuticle of D. macaci is not smooth, being covered 
with line conical protuberances. Though these protuberances differ from the 
ordinary spines of Digenea, yet they may be included in the same category. 
From these characteristics it seems reasonable to establish a new genus for 
this species. Since the shape of the body and the situation of the testes are 
not constant in this species, I am rather inclined to believe that the diagnoses 
of the above-mentioned genera are in need of revision, even to the extent of 
abolishing certain genera of this group. This species is included only pro¬ 
visionally in the genus Dicrocoelium. 
(6) Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus. 
This species is often found in the liver of Bos taurus. As a rule few flukes 
are found in each host. 
(7) Fasciolopsis buski (Lankester) (PL XXV, figs. 2 and 3). 
This species is often found in the swine, as well as in the human intestine, 
in Eastern Asia. In Japan, so far, it has not been found in man. M. Koidzumi 
has collected two specimens of this species from a Formosan pig (1911). Later 
K. Xakagawa (1916) kindly sent me several specimens from pigs in Formosa. 
As a result of my examination, several interesting features, hitherto un¬ 
recorded, have been revealed. 
The surface of the body is covered with large, closely-set, scale-like spines 
(PI. XXV, fig. 3). It may be mentioned that Leiper 1 states that the human 
species, Fasciolopsis buski, alone, is destitute of spines, while all the other 
species of this genus are spinose. He also remarks that the spines of this 
genus are easily shed. Goddard 2 recently observed that spines are present 
in this species. 
The body varies remarkably in size, according to the degree of contraction. 
The oral sucker has a longitudinally elongated, conical form. The posterior 
part of the sucker is surrounded by remarkably well-developed annular 
muscles, Odhner’s prepharyngeal sphincter 3 . The prepharyngeal muscles are 
directly attached to the sucker. There is a short prepharynx, the posterior 
half of which is surrounded by well-developed annular muscles. These annular 
muscles are attached posteriorly directly to the pharynx, as the pharyngeal 
sphincter is, in its turn, attached to the oral sucker. The pharynx has a 
1 Leiper, R. T. (1913). Observations on certain helminths of man. Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. and 
Hygiene , vi. 
2 Goddard, F. W. (1919). Fasciolopsis buski , a parasite of man as seen in Shaohing, China. 
Journ. Parasitol. v. No. 4. 
3 Odhner, T. (1902). Fasciolojisis buski. Cenlralbl. f. Bakt. etc. xxxi. 
