74 
As these differences in the antennae and wings correspond with 
certain constant differences in habits, entomologists have used them 
hif'rece^t U worb n on f thi n ®K a ”r'h h f 'f? "" h,,nt . v 00 these insects, in 
fenSlrnfaSo 1 ,*, ““ <"“* » «>* 
wi!, g . u .x,;ixri l , h ™ n t ™ “«'• ^ 
II. Upper wings with the third discoidal vein once forked™?™*,- 
wings with two oblique veins (except in Colopha , where there is but 
III. Upper wings with the third discoidal vein simple notforked 
Lower wings with one or two oblique veins. Pemphigin * 
IV - u PP er wings without the third discoidal vein. 
Chermesin^e. 
„ r P®n! des l, ' ese differences in the various groups of the family there 
catinl h diffbr 6qU ^ portance in separating species, and also as indi- 
furnifhed ff with e t?r, h f b h tS ' In f, ver L , la i;g e number the abdomen is 
lurnished with, two tubes, usually called “ honey tubes” or “necta¬ 
ries, which arise like little horns from the sixth segment These 
appendages serve for the . passage from the body of a sweet fluid and 
act aS e f scape pipes for the excessive amount of sap imbibed 
by these incessant pumpers. If we examine a properly arranged se- 
foneth u P n e ti 1 , e ?b We that these tubes l-fualf y decrease in 
Th?* ] t l th orifice alone remains, and at last this disappears 
radatfonTtWpTdes C ° rreS P° nd ’ to a certain de g r ee, with the deg-’ 
„,;Tk 616 i, r< l s P ec ies which are always found more or less covered 
with a whitish, cottony or downy substahce, while others are always 
naked; some have the very singular habit of bringing forth their 
oSionslnUr^K ? « always oviparous ; so.le Confine their 
operations entirely to the leaves, others to the twigs and bark and 
leaves Ind^ooN'%'I hlle otbers °P erate both on th e stem and roots or 
leaves and roots. Some reside exposed on the surface of the leaves or 
r , while others, by some peculiar power or property of their secre- 
tions not yet well understood, form gflls in which they carry on “heir 
operations and pass the greater portion of their existence. 
But the strangest fact connected with the history of these insects is 
lon^inTfo °thp f r , epr °, duC l; 0n ' The y> as likewise all other species be¬ 
longing to the sub order Homoptera, undergo only a partial transfer- 
