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Pieris protodice, Bd-Lec.—The Southern Cabbage Butterfly. 
Fig. 32—Southern Cabbage Butterfly. Fig. 33—a, Larva, b, Chrysalis. 
Though called as above, it is very widely distributed, being found 
even in the high altitudes of the mountains; but for all that the 
name is appropriate, being more abundant in the warmer portions of 
the United States, and there often proving very destructive to the 
cabbage crop, taking the place, in that sense, of the Rape Butterfly, 
whose latitude is further north. It is quite common in Illinois, but 
it has been injurious here only to a limited extent, and that chiefly 
in the vicinity of the large cities. One of the reasons why it is not 
so abundant further north seems to be that the chrysalids are 
more susceptible to the influences of our long, cold winters, than some 
other kinds. This does not destroy the species, but only serves to les¬ 
sen the number of chrysalids that pass the winter without injury, 
thereby lessening the number of individuals of the spring brood of 
butterflies. Thomas E. Bean, of Galena, speaks of this in Vol. 8, of 
the Canadian Entomologist, and I have observed the same thing for 
several years past in the southern part of the State. On account of 
this, it will probably never become so great a pest as the Rape Butter¬ 
fly is wherever that species has been introduced. 
The larva or caterpillar is of a greenish blue color, with four longi¬ 
tudinal yellow stripes, and covered with black dots. When newly 
hatched it is of a uniform orange color, with a black head, but it be¬ 
comes a dull brown before the first moult. The longitudinal stripes 
and black spots are only visible after the skin has been cast the first 
time. 
The chrysalis varies somewhat in color, but is generally a light 
bluish gray, more or less speckled with black, the ridges and promi¬ 
nences edged with buff or reddish. The two sexes of the perfect in¬ 
sect differ some in color. In the male the wings are white, with a 
large trapezoidal spot at the end of the discal cell of the fore wings, 
and an oblique interrupted black band near the outer border, with a 
little black on the veins at the outer end. The hind wings are with¬ 
out spots. The female is darker, the black of the fore wings more 
intense, with the hind wings tinted with grayish. 
There are at least two broods of the worms in a season. They are 
to be found on cabbages, in all stages of growth, through the months 
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