142 
of July, August and September. The last brood pass the winter in 
the chrysalis state, and become the first brood of butterflies in the 
spring of the next year. 
Remedies —Should this species become troublesome, hand or chicken 
picking may be resorted to as a means of destroying them. In feed¬ 
ing they are usually found in the outer leaves, and not boring into 
the heart of the cabbage, as is the case with the caterpillars of the 
Rape butterfly, and for that reason, a drove of chickens turned into 
an infested cabbage patch would do good service. Prof. Thomas has 
tried the experiment of allowing young chickens to run in his veg¬ 
etable garden this season, and has found it of great advantage in ref¬ 
erence to all species of insects feeding above ground. They soon 
learn, also, to follow the gardener when spading or hoeing, thus 
destroying many insects that are brought up from below the surface. 
Catching the butterflies with a hand net, as is sometimes recom¬ 
mended, but will not exterminate them, for they feed on mustard and 
mignonette, and hence, as the first is a wild plant, will occur where 
cabbages are not raised. 
Spec. Char. Larva. —“Average length, when full grown 1.15 inches. 
Middle segments largest. Most common ground color green, verging 
into blue; sometimes clear pale blue, and at others deep indigo or purp¬ 
lish blue. Each segment with six transverse wrinkles, of which the 
first and fourth are somewhat wider than the others. Four longitu¬ 
dinal yellow lines, each equidistant from the other, and each inter¬ 
rupted by a pale blue spot on the aforementioned first and fourth 
transverse wrinkles. Traces of two additional longitudinal lines 
below, one on each side immediately above the prolegs. On each 
transverse wrinkle is a row of various sized, round, polished, black, 
slightly raised, piliferous spots; those on wrinkles one and four being 
largest and most regularly situated; hairs arising from these spots stiff 
and black. Venter rather lighter than ground color above, and 
minutely speckled more or less with dull black. Head same color as 
body, covered with black pilferoas spots, and usually with a yellow 
or orange patch each side—quite variable. The black piliferous spots 
frequently have a pale blue annulation around the base, especially in 
the darker specimens.”—Riley. 
Butterfly —Expanse of wings about two inches. In the male the 
fore wings are white, with a large black trapezoidal spot near the 
upper or costal edge, and an oblique band of black spots. At the end 
of the wing, beginning at the apex, are four or five somewhat triang¬ 
ular black spots on the ends of the veins. The upper side of the hind 
wings is entirely white, with sometimes a small group of black scales 
near the anal angle. The underside of the wings the same as the 
upper, with the marks on the fore wings paler, and the veins of the 
hind wings tinged a little with greenish or pale ochre yellow. The 
female differs from the male in being darker. It has the same spots 
on the fore wings, but the black at the outer margin extends as a bor¬ 
der nearly across the wing, while the basal third of the wing is a 
light shade of slate color, that extends also on to the same part of the 
hind wings. The outer margin of the hind wings has as a border a 
row of triangular slate colored spots containing some black scales. 
